ID Flashcards
Tetracycline common side effect (1)
Photosensitivity
Nematodes (eg lava migrans) Management (2)
Thiabendazole
Albendazole
Tetanus management (3)
Supportive ventilation - support and muscle relaxants
IM tetanus immunoglobulin - for high risk wounds
Metronidazole
Syphilis is caused by what organism?
Treponema pallidum
Strongyloides stercoralis
Features (3)
Management (2)
A) papulovesicular rash soles feet and buttocks, Abdo pain, diarrhoea
B) ivermectin, albendazole
Diphtheria
Features(4)
Management (2)
A) sore throat, grey appearance tonsils , bulky lymphadenopathy, heart block
B) penicillin, antitoxin
Penile ulcers
A) painful
B) painless
A) chancroid (single,deep, lymphadenopathy), herpes (multiple, superficial, nil lymphadenopathy)
B) syphilis
Leptospirosis Mx
Doxy or benpen
Chickenpox in pregnancy management
A) if nil immunity
B) if symptomatic
A) Varicella zoster Ig - VZIG
B) aciclovir
Damgue fever
Features (5)
Management
A) Retro orbital headache Rash (maculopapular) Fever Thrombocytopenia Leukopenia
B) supportive measures
Lyme disease
A) features - i) early ii) late
B) investigation
C) management
A) erythema migrans “bulls eye” rash, headache fevers, lethargy
Late: heart block, facial nerve palsy, meningitis
B) Elisa test - borrelia burgdorferi
C) Doxycycline if early, ceftriaxone if severe
Lyme disease
A) features - i) early ii) late
B) investigation
C) management
A) erythema migrans “bulls eye” rash, headache fevers, lethargy
Late: heart block, facial nerve palsy, meningitis
B) Elisa test - borrelia burgdorferi
C) Doxycycline if early, ceftriaxone if severe
Severe features of malaria (7 Inc complications)
Acidosis Parasitemia >2% Shizonts on blood film Hypoglycaemia Temp >39 Severe anaemia Complications - cebebral malaria, renal failure, ARDS, DIC
Leprosy
A) features (2)
B) Mx (3)
A) hypopigmented skin lesions, sensory neuropathy
B) rifampicin, clofazimime, dapsone
Leprosy
A) features (2)
B) Mx (3)
A) hypopigmented skin lesions, sensory neuropathy
B) rifampicin, clofazimime, dapsone
Measles
Features (5)
Mx
A) koplick spots - white spots on buccal mucosa
Rash on face, coryza, conjunctivitis, fever
B) supportive, inform public health
Inactived vaccines (3)
Hepatitis A
Influenza
Rabies
Toxins vaccines (3)
Pertussis
Tetanus
Diphtheria
Conjugate vaccines - links the poorly immunogenic bacterial polysaccharide outer coats to proteins to make them more immunogenic (5)
Pneumococcus Meningicoccus Hepatitis b Haemophillis Human pappilovirus
Gonorrhea (gram neg diplococcus) management
IM ceftriaxone stat
Shigella Mx
Self limiting
If severe, immunocompromised- ciprofloxacin
HIV, neuro symptoms, single brain lesions with homogenous enhancement
CNS lymphoma
Tetanus Mx post wound
A) fully vacc < 10 years
B) fully vacc > 10 years or never been vacc
A) no Vax or If
B) low risk wound - booster
High risk wound - Ig + booster
Ando pain, diarrhoea, streaky rash ? And Mx
Strongyloides
Ivermectin
Non specific (non gonococcal) urethritis Mx
1 week doxy
Non specific (non gonococcal) urethritis Mx
1 week doxy
Anthrax (painless black scab, lymphadenopathy) Mx
Ciprofloxacin
Lyme disease Mx
Early
Late
A) doxy
B) iv ceftriaxone
Following treatment for syphilis: TPHA remains ?, VDRL becomes ?
Successful treatment for syphillis
TPHA - positive
VDRL - negative
mycoplasma pneumonia
features (1)
chest x ray (1)
Ix (1)
erythema multiforme - “target lesions”
bilateral consolidation
Serology
pelvic inflammatory disease Mx
ofloxacin + metronidazole
Genital warts Mx (3)
Single - cryotherapy
Multiple - Topical Podophyllum
3rd line - Topical Imiquimod
Schistosomiasis Mx
Praziquantel
Active Tb Mx
first 2 months - RIPE - Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
continuation - Rifampicin, isonazid
Latent Tb Mx
3 months Isonazid + Rifampicin OR 6 months isoniazid
Renal infection + fever = ?
Cytomegalovirus
Mycobacterium avium complex Mx
A) prophylaxis (CD4 <100)
B) Mx (normally CD4 <50)
A) clarithromycin or azithromycin
B) rifampicin, ethambutol + clarithromycin
Chlamydia Mx
A) normal
B) pregnancy
A) Doxycycline
B) if pregnant - azithromycin or amoxicillin
Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
A) example
B) mechanism
C) common s.e
A) “ine”, zidovudine, abacavir, tenofovir
B) prevent synthesis of dsViral DNA
C) peripheral neuropathy
Non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)
A) example
B) mechanism
C) side effects
A) nevirapine, efavirenz (vir in middle)
B) viral reverse transcriptase
C) rash, p450 inducer
Protease inhibitor (PI)
A) examples
B) mechanism
C) side effects
A) “navir” ending
B) bind viral protease prevent viral replication
C) p450 inhibitor, metabolic syndrome
Integrase inhibitor
A) example
B) mechanism
C) side effects
A) “gravir” ending
B) prevents viral DNA from being inserted into host genome
Cat scratch disease organism
Bartonella henselae
Epiglottis bacteria
Haemophillis influenzae
Campylobacter Mx (2)
- supportive
2. Clarithromycin (if severe, eg >8 bloody stools/ day)
Live attenuated Vaccines (should not be given to immunocomprismised) (6)
Yellow fever Oral polio Intranasal influenza Varicella Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) Tb (BCG)
Chlamydia Mx
Doxycycline
Gingivostomatitis (oral ulcers) cause
Herpes simplex
Pneumocystitis jiroveci pneumonia Mx
Co-trimoxazole
Toxoplasmosis Mx
- Immunocompetent - self resolve
2. Immunocompromised - Pyrimethamine + sulphadiazine
Primaquine MOA
used in non-falciparum malaria to destroy liver hypnozoites and prevent relapse
Most common viral meningitis cause
Coxsackie
Lyme disease Mx (2)
Doxycycline (amoxicillin if pregnant)
Ceftriaxone in disseminated disease
Leprosy Mx
A) >6 lesions
B) <6
A) rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine for 12 month
B) rifampicin and dapsone for 6 months.
Chagas disease
parasite
association
Mx
Trypanosoma cruzi
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Benznidazole
Leptospirosis
Association
Ix
Mx
Sewage, farmer, abbatoir
Serology
Benpen/ doxy
Gonorrhoea
Ix
Mx
Microscopy: Gram neg diplococcus
Ceftriaxone
URTI + Amoxicillin = Rash
?cause
Infectious Mononucleosis
Shigella Mx
Self resolve
Ciprofloxacin
Genital ulcers cause?
a) painful
b) painless
Painful: Herpes > Chancroid
Painless: Syphilis > Lymphogranuloma Venerum
Amoebiasis Mx
Metronidazole (+ diloxanide, if invasive)
African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) Mx
Pentamidine
Campylobacter Mx
Clarithromycin
Listeria Mx
Amoxicillin (+ Gentamicin, if meningitis)
post exposure prophylaxis Hepatitis B
a) fully vaccinated - booster
b) not fully vaccinated - HBIG + booster
Human/ Animal bites Mx
co-amox
Chickenpox Mx in pregnancy
1st - check antibodies
2nd
a) immune
i) <20 weeks - consider aciclovir with caution
ii) >20 weeks + rash <24hours = aciclovir
b) not immune
i) <20 weeks - VZIG
ii) >20 weeks - VZIG/ aciclovir
When to start antiretrovirals and PJP prophylaxis in HIV
ARV - ASAP
PJP - CD4 <200
Cat scratch disease organism
Bartonella henselae
Chronic hepatitis b treatment
Entecavir
post splenectomy infections
strep pneumoniae
neiserria meningitidis
H influenzae
