Nephrology Flashcards
Renal biopsy findings of Glomerular crescents is indicative of…
a) what glomerulonephritis
b) what condition associated
a) rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
b) Granulomatosis with polyangitis (GPA) AKA Wegeners
Renal biopsy findings of Mesangial hypercellularity is indicative of..
a) glomerulonephritis
b) associated with which conditions
a) Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
b) post strep GN, SLE, IgA nephropathy/ Henoch Schonlein purpura
Renal biopsy findings of subendothelial and mesangial immune complex deposits -“tram tracks” is indicative of…
a) what glomerulonephritis
b) what condition associated
a - membranoproliferative GN
b - cryoglobulinaemia, hep C
Renal biopsy findings of fusion of podocytes and effacement of foot processes is indicative of…
a) what glomerulonephritis
b) what condition associated
a - minimal change GN
b - nephrotic syndrome
Renal biopsy findings of thickened basement membrane is indicative of…
a) what glomerulonephritis
b) what condition associated
a - membranous GN
b - idiopathic, drugs
Epididymohorchitis management
- Rule out testicular torsion
2. Ceftriaxone 500mg IM stat + Doxycycline 100mg PO BD 2 weeks
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome triad features (3)
Aki
Haemolytic anaemia
Thrombocytopenia
Usually in children
Renal biopsy findings of longitudinal splitting of lamina densa (basket weave appearance) is indicative of…
a) what glomerulonephritis
b) what condition associated
A) abnormal glomerular basement membrane
B) alport syndrome, good pastures
Von hippel lindau (auto dominant, chromo 3) features (5)
Haemangioma - cerebella (SAH), retinal Renal cyst - pre malignant Phaeochromocytoma Extrarenal cysts - hepatic, pancreatic Clear cell renal ca
Amyloidosis Ix
Congo red staining: apple-green bifringence
Renal Stone Management <2cm >2cm Staghorn <5mm
<2cm - Lithotripsy
>2cm - Ureteroscopy
Staghorn - Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
<5mm - watch and wait
Alport syndrome
Inheritance
Features
Renal biopsy
inheritance - X linked dominant
Features - Childhood, microscopic haematuria, bilateral sensorineural deafness, retinitis, AKI
Renal biopsy - splitting of lamina densa (basket wave)
Adult polycystic kidney disease Mx
Tolvaptan (vassopressin 2 receptor antagonist()
Renal stones X ray
cystine
urate
xanthine
cystine - semi opaque
urate + xanthine - radio-lucent
Nephrogenic DI Mx
Thiazides
Renal transplant HLA mismatch, which HLA is most important?
DR
Minimal change GN Mx
Steroids
Fibromuscular displasia
Features (3)
young female, hypertension, asymmetrical kidneys
Most common cause of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis
Staph epidermidis (coagulase negative)
Cystinuria Inheritance Features Ix Mx
In - autosomal recessive
F - recurrent renal stones (cystine - radio lucent)
Ix - cyanide-nitroprusside test
Mx - Hydration, penicillamine
Germ Cell tumour markers
seminoma
non-seminoma
seminonma - hCG
non - AFP/ hCG
Idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis antibodies
anti-phospholipase A2
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
features (3)
most common cause
anaemia, AKI, thrombocytopenia
E. Coli
Raised anion gap causes (4) = normal is 10 - 18
lactate: sepsis, shock
ketones: DKA, alcohol
urate: AKI
Acid poison: salicylates, methanol
spirinolcatone SE
gynaecomastia, hyperK
post strep GN vs IgA neph post URTI duration
post strep GN - 1-2 weeks
iGa neph - 1-2 days post URTI
Renal artery stenosis
Features (3)
Ix
flash pulmonary oedema, AKI, asymmetrical kidneys
MR angiography
Proteinuria Mx
ACEi
Most common/ severe SLE related renal disease?
Diffuse proliferative GN
