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micro exam 3 > Neurological Viruses > Flashcards

Neurological Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

West Nile virus is the same famile as what virus, so it has the sam biology

A

the same family as HCV (Flavivridae)

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2
Q

Selected togaviruses and flaviviruses are transmitted how

A

through a vector

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3
Q

what kind of host are humans for west Nile virus

A

dead end host (normally between birds and mosquitos)

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4
Q

Common vectors for arthropod transmission

A

Mosquitoes: Culiseta, Aedes, Culex

Ticks

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5
Q

Reservoirs for Arthropod transmission

A

birds

Small Mammals

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6
Q

what is neccessary in the vector for transmission

A

replication in the vector

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7
Q

where does a virus replicate in a mosquito

A

in the stomach

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8
Q

Geographic location of Arthropod transmission determined by

A

vector and reservoir habitat

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9
Q

what type of virus is EEE and VEE Virus

A

Togaviridae

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10
Q

Genome of EEE and VEE Virus

A

(+)ssRNA

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11
Q

Virion and EEE and VEE Virus

A

enveloped

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12
Q

Proteins of EEE and VEE Virus

A

E1 and E2: cell attachment and Entry
Capside Protein
Various non-structural proteins
proteases: chop up polypeptides into fucntional proteins used in the replication cycle and creating new virus particales themselves

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13
Q

how do EEE and VEE Virus get into the cell

A

Receptor mediated endocytosis

membrane fusion dumps nucleocapside into the cytoplasm

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14
Q

how does EEE and VEE Virus leave cell

A

budding

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15
Q

where does EEE and VEE Virus do replication

A

in the cytoplasm

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16
Q

How does one get the EEE and VEE Virus

A

Introduced through the bite of an infected arthropod

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17
Q

Travel of EEE and VEE Virus in the body

A

infect cells locally and/or carried by Langerhand cells to lymph nodes
Replicated and then released into the blood stream
Infect target organs such as CNS

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18
Q

how does EEE and VEE Virus cross the Blood-brain barrier

A

unknown

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19
Q

Incubation period of EEV virus

A

4-10 day

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20
Q

Systemic disease by EEv virus

A

Chills, fever, Malaise, arthralgia, myalgia

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21
Q

how long does systemic disease by EEV last

A

1-2 weks

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22
Q

Encephalitic disease by EEV Virus

A

Fever, Headache, irritability, restlessness, vomiting, diarrhea, Convulsions, and coma

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23
Q

how many people die of ENcephalitic disease by EEV

A

1/3 of encephalitic cases fie 2-10 days after onset

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24
Q

what happens to people that do not die of EEV

A

have long term sequelae (Seizures, personality disorders, paralysis)

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25
Q

Initiatl response to EEV virus

A

Innate immunity by interferon

then antibodys and inflammation: T cells, B cells, Monocytes

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26
Q

prevention of EEE and VEE

A

Vaccine
No treatment
Mosuito control and repellant

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27
Q

Vaccine for EEE and VEEE

A

Live attenuated: TC:83

Inactivated: C-84

28
Q

who gets the EEE and VEE Vacine

A

provided to at risk military personnel and reasearch
-lots of bad side effects after getting the vaccine
also veterinary vaccines exist

29
Q

effectiveness of EEE and VEE against inhalation challenge in primates

A

partially effective

30
Q

where do we ind EEE in the US

A

along the east coast, or in swamps near the south.

can go as far test as wisconsin or texas

31
Q

Incubation time of west nile

A

2-14 days

32
Q

what do most infections of west nile look like

A

asymptomatic infections (80% of infected)

33
Q

IF west nile virus causes illeness(20%), what are the symptoms

A

Fever, headache, and fatigue for 3-6 days

34
Q

if west nile virus becomes neuroinvasive (<1%), what are the symptoms

A

Aseptic Meningitis, Encephalitis, flaccid paralysis, altered mental state, tremors

35
Q

if you survive west nile virus neuroinvasion, what happens

A

50% of survivors have sequelae 12 months later

36
Q

Prevention of west nile

A

NO approved vaccine
no treatment (only supportive care)
mosquito control and repellant

37
Q

the main transmitters of West Nile

A

Culex sp. Mosquitoes

38
Q

where is WEst Nile virus active in the US

A

almost all over the US active in humans

39
Q

why is the range for EEE and WNV different

A

West nile virus mosquitoes live everyhwere, while EEE mosquitoes only live in a small area

40
Q

what type of virus is Rabies Virus

A

RHabdoviridae

41
Q

Genome for Rabies VIrus Biology

A

(-)ssRNA

linear

42
Q

Virion of Rabies virus

A

Enveloped

43
Q

Proteins of Rabies Virus

A 
N - Nucleoprotein
P - phophoprotein
M - matrix
G - glycoprotein (attachment and entry)
L - polymerase
44
Q

what must a (-)ssRNA need to complete infection on its own

A

RNA dependent RNA polymerase

45
Q

which proteins get made the most in RAbies Virus

A

the first genes, becasue theres a change RNA Polyerase might fall off and stop making later down proteins

46
Q

Tropism of Rabies Virus

A

Broad

47
Q

Where does RAbies Virus Replicate

A

In the Cytoplasm only

48
Q

what dictates abundance of transcripts and proteins in Rabies virus

A

Genome order

49
Q

what triggers genome replication of Rabies Virus

A

Binding of N to RNA

50
Q

what deffective particles does Rabies virus produce

A

defective interfering particles- sloppy

51
Q

how does Rabies VIrus get into the cell

A

Absorption into cellular membrane
Fuses with endosome
the uncoats and genome comes out

52
Q

how does rabies Virus leave

A

Budding

53
Q

How is Rabies Virus transmitted

A

By infected animal
(15% of bites cuase diase)
(60% if on face or head)

54
Q

Reservoir for Rabies VIrus

A

Bats, skunks, racoons…

55
Q

what is the common source of human rabies death

A

Common in dogs in developing countries

56
Q

commonness of RAbies Virus in US

A

only a few cases

57
Q

Incubation period of Rabies vIrus

A

1-3 months (can be longer) (depends on location of bite)

58
Q

How does RAbies Virus Spread

A

Replicates locally until it finds neurons
Moves passively in axoplasm of peripheral nerves to spinal gnaglia, spinal cord, and brain
Spreads back to periphery, highly innervated salivary glands and replicates

59
Q

Symptomes of RAbies virus

A

Prickling or itching where bitten, fever, headache
Hydrophobia
Cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, confusion, delirium, hallucinations, and insomnia

60
Q

Hydrophobia

A

Difficulty swallowing, even saliva leads to “foaming at the mouth”

61
Q

Outcome of Rabies VIrus

A

Disease nearly always fatal once symptoms appear

62
Q

who has survied Rabies

A

10 documented surfivials, only 2 of those had no history or previous prophylaxis

63
Q

Prevention of RAbies

A

Vaccine

Post-exposure prophylaxis

64
Q

Control of Rabies

A

Vaccination of dogs and domestic animals is essential

wild life vaccine using baits with oral vaccine

65
Q

when should post-exposure prophylaxis be given for rabies

A 
Administered immediately for bites that break the skin
4 doses( immediate, 3, 7, 14 days)
Also receive immunoglobulin (RIG)

micro exam 3 (15 decks)

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