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micro exam 3 > Hepatitis Viruses > Flashcards

Hepatitis Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What are Hepatitis Viruses

A

Viruses that specifically target the liver

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2
Q

where do Hepatitis Viruses primarily infect and replicate

A

in hepatocytes

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3
Q

what’s the symptome theme for Hepatitis Viruses

A

Liver damage from virus and host response

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4
Q

severity of Hepatitis viruses

A

Some acute infection, some chronic infecions

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5
Q

Prevalence of Different Hepatitis VIruses

A

HDV and HEV very rare in US

we have a good amount of HAV, HBV, and HCV

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6
Q

is HAV usually acute or chronic

A

Acute

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7
Q

Is HBV usually acute or chronic

A

about 50:50

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8
Q

Is HBC usually acute or chronic

A

Chronic

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9
Q

What type of VIrus is HBV

A

Hepadnaviridae

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10
Q

what is the Genome of HBV

A

dsDNA (smallest genome of the human virus)

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11
Q

what is the Virion of HBV

A

enveloped

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12
Q

PRoteins of HBV

A 
HBsAg-S: Virion assembly
HBsAG-M: unknown function
HBsAG-L: cell attachment
HBcAg: capside
Pol: reverse transcriptase
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13
Q

Growing HBV on a cell culture

A

Cannot be done

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14
Q

Replication of HBV requires

A

RNA intermediate and therefore reverse transcriptase

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15
Q

what is the template for transcpirtion of HBV

A

cccDNA

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16
Q

what is need for HBV transcption

A

Liver specific transcription facters

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17
Q

what does HBV produce that is found in infected people

A

Many empty particles/capsids (HBsAy)- “sloppy virus”

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18
Q

what does the dsDNA of HBV look like outside and inside the cell

A

outside: rcDNA: not fully double standed
inside: repaired by cellular machinery to make cccDNA

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19
Q

How to test if someone has HBV

A

test for empty particles in blood stream

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20
Q

how does one get HBV

A

Sex and Drugs

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21
Q

Incubation of Hepatitis B VIrus

A

30-180 days

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22
Q

Symptoms of HBV

A

General MAlaise, ANorexia, Vomiting, Fatigue, cough, serum-like sickness
Jaundice, elevated Alainine transaminase levels

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23
Q

Revovery from HBV (acute)

A

3-4 months after onset of jaundice

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24
Q

what results from a chronic HBV infection

A

high levels of antibodies in blood stream plus some sickness at times

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25
Q

how common is HBV chronic disease

A

5% of cases

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26
Q

what marks HBV chronic

A

Presence of HBsAg in blood for >6 months

marked by poor IgG response

27
Q

Chronic HBV symptoms

A

SPoradic epidosde of hepatitis
Cirrhosis of the liver
Increased risk for heaptocellular carcinoma (HCC)

28
Q

why would someone get hepatocellular carcinoma because of HBV

A

HBV X gene/protein has tumorigenic potential

29
Q

HBV prevention and control

A

Vaccination
Chronic:
Interferon- alpha therapay
Nucleoside analogs: adefovir, lamivudine, tenofovir

30
Q

what kind of Vaccine is the HBV vaccine

A

First reombinant vacccine for humans

31
Q

Giving the HBV vaccine

A

Multiple inoculations

32
Q

HBV vaccine and chronic infections

A

does not owrk

33
Q

what type of agent is HDV

A

subviral agent

34
Q

commonality of subviral agents

A

rare in human viruses

35
Q

examples of subviral agents

A

HBV and Adeno-associated virus (AAV)

36
Q

what does AAV require to infect

A

adenovirus infection

37
Q

what does HDV require

A

active HBV infection

38
Q

what does the HDV virus encode

A

RNA for a single protein

39
Q

what type of Virus is HCV

A

Flaviviridae

40
Q

Genome of HCV

41
Q

Virion of HCV

42
Q

Proteins of HCV

A

E1&E2: attachment and entry
C: Core
Various non-structural

43
Q

How does HCV genome replicate

A

Genome passed into cytoplasm

44
Q

how does HCV get into cell

A

receptor mediated endocytosis, goes into endosome, lowers pH, pore forms and genome is pussed out into the cytoplasm, but capside never leaves endosome

45
Q

Symptoms of HCV compared to HBV

A

HCV is more mild

46
Q

Disease by HCV

A

Extrahepatic disease

47
Q

extrahepatic disease caused by HCV

A

mixed cryoglobulinemia

48
Q

mixed cryoglobulinemia

A

antibody and virus complexes deposit in other tissures (kidneys) elicitinga an immune response and subseqquent tissue damge

49
Q

treating HCV

A

SEPATIER, treats some denotypes

No Vaccine

50
Q

How does one get HAV

A

ingestion of fecally contaminated food and water

absorbed through intestine and moves to liver via portal system

51
Q

Incubation of HAV

A

15-40 days

52
Q

Symptoms of HAV

A

consistent with hepatitis infection: Maliase, anorexia, vomitiing, jaundice

53
Q

who gets worse HAV infections

54
Q

resolution time of HAV

A

8 weeks post infection

55
Q

Prevention of HAV

56
Q

Vaccine for HAV

A

killed/inactivated

57
Q

response of HAV

A

fecal HAV - 2 weeks
4 week IgM- initatl response
when 12 weeks IgG - cellular mediated

58
Q

what does HEV cause

A

foodborne and waterborne hepatitis

59
Q

Disease of HEV is like

A

similar to that of HAV

60
Q

separating HAV from HEV

61
Q

HEV and pregnant women

A

lifethreatenign

62
Q

PRevention of HEV

A

no prevention, but vaccine under development

63
Q

HAV biology is similar to

micro exam 3 (15 decks)

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