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micro exam 3 > Childhood Viral Diseases > Flashcards

Childhood Viral Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Measles Virus Causes

A

Measles

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2
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Causes

A

Croup
Bronchitis
Respiratory tract infection

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3
Q

Varicella Zoster Virus Causes

A

Chickenpox

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4
Q

Rotavirus Causes

A

Gastroenteritis

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5
Q

Poliovirus causes

A

Gastroenteritis

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6
Q

what type of virus is the measles virus

A

Paramyxovirus

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7
Q

Genome of the measles virus

A

(-)ssRNA

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8
Q

Virion of the measles Virus

A

Enveloped

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9
Q

Proteins of the Measles virus

A 
L - polymerase
P (C&V)-phosphoprotein
H - Hemagllutinin
F - Fusion
M - Matrix
N - nucleocapsid
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10
Q

what type of protein do all Paramyxoviruses have

A

membrane fusion proteins

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11
Q

where does the measles virus replicate

A

in the cell and in the cytoplasm

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12
Q

what causes syncytia formation in the measles virus

A

Fusion protein

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13
Q

how does Measles virus leave the cell

A

Budding because it is enveloped

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14
Q

how does measles get in the body

A

Inhalation of aerosolized droplets

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15
Q

incubation period of measles

A

10-14 days

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16
Q

where does the primary measles infection occur

A

in respiratory epithelial tissues

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17
Q

the primary measles infection

A

Primary Viremia

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18
Q

when does symptoms begin for measles

A

Coincides with second round of virus replication

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19
Q

what are the trasnfer steps of measles around the body to eventually get to seconday viremia

A

in LN, tonsils, lungs, Gi, and speen

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20
Q

the 2nd round of measles virus replication

A

Seconday Viremia

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21
Q

Recovery time from measles

A

20 days after infection

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22
Q

what is the most deadly childhood rash/fever illness

A

Measles

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23
Q

clinical symptoms of measles (secondary Viremia)

A

Fever, Cough, Conjunctivitus
Koplik’s spots
Rash

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24
Q

Characterisitic rash of Mealses results from

A

Virus and Immune response damage to epithelial and endothelial cells

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25
Q

Immune suppression by measles

A

Interference with CD46 and signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) receptors

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26
Q

opportunistic infections due to measles

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Haemophilus influenzae

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27
Q

who with measles may also become blind

A

Vitamin A deficent children

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28
Q

demyelinating disease due to measles

A

Acute disseminated encphalomyelitis(ADEM)

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29
Q

commonnes of ADEM

A

rare, 1:1000 children

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30
Q

progressive neurological deterioration due to measles

A

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

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31
Q

commoness of SSPE

A

very rare 1:1000000 children

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32
Q

Symptoms of Measles

A

2-3 days fever+ cough, coryza and conjunctivitis

Rash: Koplik spots

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33
Q

small bright red spots with bluish centers on buccal mucosa … patognomonic for measles

A

Koplik spots

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34
Q

how to diagnose measles in the laboratory

A

Virus isolation in culture (hard)
Serology
ELISA, RT_PCR

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35
Q

contagiousness of measles

A

one of the most contagious diseases

number of cases from one illness in a naive pop is 15-20

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36
Q

when are people with measles infectious

A

2-3 days prior to rash

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37
Q

hosts of measles

A

just humans

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38
Q

preventing measles

A

Vaccination
Vitamin A reduces severity
no antivirals

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39
Q

how long deas the measles vaccine provide immunity

A

Life long

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40
Q

what kind of vaccine is the measles vaccine

A

live attenuated vaccine

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41
Q

safety of measles vaccine

A

autism and colitis correlation retracted

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42
Q

Measles in the world

A

declared eliminated in the US in 2000, but is found in other countries.
measles continues to be introduced to the US through international travel

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43
Q

cases of measles in 2011

A

222

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44
Q

outbreaks of measles

A

17 year old visited longon, came back and caused 58 cases for non vaccinated people
someone visited india, 22 cases resulted, most not vacinated, 3 had the vacine

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45
Q

what type of virus is Respiratory Syncytial Virus

A

PAramyxovirus

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46
Q

genome of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

A

(-)ssRNA

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47
Q

Virion of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

A

enveloped

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48
Q

Proteins of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

A 
L - Polymerase
G - Glycoprotein
F - fusion
M - matrix
P - phosphoprotein
N - nucleocapsid
NS1&NS2 - replication and immune response
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49
Q

where does Respiratory Syncytial Virus replicate

A

in the cell - simialr to measles

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50
Q

what does Respiratory Syncytial Virus infect

A

limited to the ciliated cells in the respiratory tract epithelium

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51
Q

what does the Fusion protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus create

A

syncytia

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52
Q

how does Respiratory Syncytial Virus leave the cellular surface

A

budding

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53
Q

The most important viral agent of serious pediatric respiratory tract infections

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

54
Q

How does Respiratory Syncytial Virus establish itself

A

infection by inhalation of aerosol, formites

55
Q

where does Respiratory Syncytial Virus replicate

A

limited to the respiratory tract

56
Q

incubation period of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

A

4-5 days

57
Q

symptoms of Respiratory Syncytial Virus after incubation

A

lower respiratory tract symptoms 1-3 days after upper respiratory tract symptoms

58
Q

when do you recover from Respiratory Syncytial Virus

A

7-12 days after symptom onset

59
Q

Who can Respiratory Syncytial Virus infect

A

infects humans, and not other animals

60
Q

does infection by Respiratory Syncytial Virus lead to life long immunity

A

no, because infants have immature immune system
infection limited to respiratory tract epithelial cells where IgA response is short lived
VIrus can change its surface proteins easily

61
Q

why does Respiratory Syncytial Virus result in a slow immune response

A

low cytotoxicity

62
Q

risk factors for Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection

A

Attending day care

School age siblings

63
Q

risk factors for a severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus disease

A

premature birth
male
second hand exposure to tobacco smoke
lack of breast feeding

64
Q

prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

A

Ribavirin administered by inhalation
No Vaccine
Passive immunoprophylaxis

65
Q

Vaccine progress for Respiratory Syncytial Virus

A

in development
Formalin anactivated vaccine not successful
Challenge to immunize infants who are at the greatest risk

66
Q

the passive immunoprophylaxis agent for Respiratory Syncytial Virus

A

Palivizumab - humanized monoclonal antibody

67
Q

how does passive immunoprophylaxis work to fight Respiratory Syncytial Virus

A

targets F protein

68
Q

how often do you take Palivizumab to fight Respiratory Syncytial Virus

A

IM once a month

69
Q

what type of virus is Varicella Zoster Virus

A

Alphaherpesvirus

70
Q

genome of Varicella Zoster Virus

A

large, dsDNA

71
Q

Virion of Varicella Zoster Virus

A

enveloped

72
Q

Proteins of Varicella Zoster Virus

A

hundreds

73
Q

Replication area for Varicella Zoster Virus

A

in the cell (active cell) going into the nucleus

74
Q

What does Varicella Zoster Virus infect first

A

Infects neighboring cells first

75
Q

what does Varicella Zoster Virus create in a resting cell (neuron)

A

a latent infection

76
Q

genome shape of a latent infection by Varicella Zoster Virus

A

circular

77
Q

how does Varicella Zoster Virus get into the cell

A

membrane fusion

78
Q

how does Varicella Zoster Virus get out of the cell

A

budding

79
Q

how do you get Chickenpox(Varicella Zoster Virus)

A

inhalation of aeroslized droplets

80
Q

incubation period of Varicella Zoster Virus

A

10-21 days

81
Q

symptomes of Varicella Zoster Virus

A

Fever, malaise, headache
Rash 1-2 days after symptom onset
Rash progesses for 3-6 days

82
Q

where does the Varicella Zoster Virus Rash hand out

A

scalp, face, trunk

83
Q

recovery from Varicella Zoster Virus

A

2 weeks post symptom onset

84
Q

how does one recover from Varicella Zoster Virus

A

cell mediated immunity

85
Q

Reactivation of latent Varicella Zoster Virus infection leads to

A

shingles

86
Q

are shingles the same as small pox

A

no (shingles on torso, smallpox on extremities)

87
Q

Preventing Chickenpox

A

Vaccination

Anticirals

88
Q

how long does Chickenpox vaccine work

A

life long immunity

89
Q

vaccine for chickenpox type

A

Live attenuated vaccine

90
Q

antiviral for chickenpox

A

acyvlovir

91
Q

how does acyclovir work

A

interferes with genome replication

92
Q

what does Acyclovir not do

A

cannot elimiate latent virus

does not prevent infection of cells

93
Q

problem with Acylovir in future

A

drug resistance is being observed

94
Q

what type of virus is Poliovirus

A

Picornavirus

95
Q

Genome of Poliovirus

A

(+)ssRNA

96
Q

Virion of PolioVirus

A

Non-enveloped

97
Q

Proteins of Poliovirus

A

Capsid - VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4

Non-structureal - proteases, polymerase, others…

98
Q

Where does the Poliovirus replicated

A

in the cell

99
Q

how does the Poliovirus get in the cell

A

Creates pore in cell membrane

100
Q

where is Poliovirus normally found

A

endemic areas such that infection are most common in naive children

101
Q

how does one get poliovirus

A

infection by ingestion of material containing virus

102
Q

TCID50 of Poliovirus

A

100

103
Q

where does primary infection of Poliovirus occure

A

in Peyer’s patches of small intestin

104
Q

Primary replication of Poliovirus leads to

A

Minor Viremia

105
Q

Secondary repliation of Poliovirus

A

Major Viremia

106
Q

how does one get rid of Poliovirus in the GI tract

A

Fecal Shedding of Virus for 6 weeks

107
Q

travel of Poliovirus

A

goes into Peyers pathes, then lymph nodes, followed by blood stream and then possibly the CNS

108
Q

how many people with poliovirus have CNS infections

A

1:200

109
Q

Risk factors for Poliovirus in the CNS

A

Physical exertion
Trauma
Tonsillectomy

110
Q

where in the CNS does Poliovirus replicate

A

gray matter of brain and spinal cord

111
Q

CNS poliovirus symptoms

A

Limb paralysis from anterior horn cell damage

Respiratory paralysis from damage to medulla oblongata

112
Q

How to prevent Poliovirus

A

Vaccines (Salk and Sabin)

113
Q

Salk Poliovirus vaccine

A

killed (less side effects)

114
Q

Sabin Poliovirus vaccine

A

live attenuated (more strength, more antibody creation)

115
Q

how can get poliovirus

A

Humans, no animal reservoir

116
Q

What type of virus is Rotavirus

A

Reoviridae

117
Q

Genome of Rotavirus

A

dsRNA, 11 segments

118
Q

Virion of Rotavirus

A

Non-enveloped

119
Q

Proteins of Rotavirus

A 
VP1 - Polymerase
VP2 - RNA binding
VP3 - transferase
VP4 - attachment and fusion
Other structural and non-structural proteins
120
Q

capside number of Rotavirus

A

3 capsides

121
Q

where does the Rotavirus replicate

A

in cell

122
Q

how does Rotavirus get into cell

A

enters via and endosome
endosome forms due to virus attachment to cell
drop of pH
First layer disolved by proteases in the endosome
fusion proteins exposed and
Membrane disruption occures, dumping nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm

123
Q

is the genome of Rotavirus exposed

A

no, because dsRNA is not normal and the Cell with try and destroy the dsRNA or do apoptosis

124
Q

How does Rotavirus infect

A

Ingestion of material containing the virus

125
Q

Incubation period of Rotavirus

A

VOmiting and fever

126
Q

symptoms of rotavirus

A

Vomiting and Fever

Diarrhea 2-3 days after fever, lasting 3-8 days

127
Q

how long does Rotavirus shed

A

weeks before symptom onset, and days after recover

128
Q

who gest the most sever rotavirus

A

5-24 months old

129
Q

diagnosing Rotavirus

A

Antigens in stool

130
Q

PReventing Rotavirus

A

Infact Vaccines
No antivirals
Hygiene- hand washing

131
Q

Treating Rotavirus

A

oral Rehydration

132
Q

Vaccines for Rotavirus

A

RotaTeq - merck: 2,4,6 months

Rotarix - GlaxoSmithKline - 2,4 months

micro exam 3 (15 decks)

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