Herpies Viruses Flashcards
What type of VIrus are Herpes Simple Virus Type 1 and Type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
Alphaherpesciridae (like varicella Zoster virus)
Host range of Alphaherpesvirus
Variable host range
Length of reproduction cycle of Alphaherpesvirus
Short
speed of culture spread of Alphaherpesvirus
Rapid Spread
Descruction efficiency of infected cells by Alphaherpesvirus
Efficient destruction (cyototix-can lyse cells)
where can Alphaherpesvirus establish latency
In sensory ganglia
Herpies virus type I infects where
waste up
Herpies virus Type II infects where
waste down
how does HSV-1 infect
oral-oral, oral-genital
amount of adults that are seropositive for HSV-1
nearly 2/3
How does HSV-2 infect
Primarily genital-genital, also oral-genital possible
prevealent with sexual activity
amount of adults with HSV-2
1/5 of adults are infected
where does HSV-1 and HSV-2 infected
Epithelial cells in the skin or mucosa (mucosa more susceptible)
Incubation of HSV-1 and 2
2-14 days, but typically 4-5 days
Symptoms of HSV 1 and 2
Flu-like, includes localized lesions (virus spreads to neighboring cells primarily)
who shows symptoms of HSV-1 and 2
1/3
can asymptomatic people transmit HSV-1 and 2
yes
how long does the Symptoms of HSV 1 and 2 last
8-12 days
Latency of Alphaherpesvirus occures where
In stationary cells
peripheral ganglia common site of latent infections
what occures in latency of Alphaherpesvirus
Genome circularizes and stays as an episome in the nucleus
what triggers latent Alphaherpesvirus
Sunburn, systemic infection, immune impairment, stresss
What immune response is used to fight Alphaherpesvirus
Cell mediated immune response required
can people who cant produce antibodies handle herpesvirus infections
YEs
what detects Alphaherpesvirus
T lymphocytes detect antigens presented by MHC I or II proteins
how does Alphaherpesvirus modulate the immune response to evade it
Viral proteins bind to Antibodies and complement proteins that counter effects of interferon
as people age are they more likely or less likely to be serum possitive for Alphaherpesvirus
more likely
Prevention of Alphaherpesvirus
Avoid contact (kissing, sex) during active herpes recurrence
Treating Alphaherpesvirus
Acyclovir can be used to limit virus replication, but will not eliminate latent infectinos
Host range of Betaherpesvirus
restricted
reproduction time of Betaherpesvirus
Long
profession in cell culture of Betaherpesvirus
Slow Progresion in cell culture
what does Betaherpesvirus do to infected cells
Cytomeglia (enlargement of infected cells)
what kind of culture does Betaherpesvirus lead to
Carrier cultures- cell line that keeps producing the virus without injury to cell
Where does Betaherpesvirus create a latent infection
In a variety of tissures
Cytomegalovirus is a member of what
Betaherpesvirus
Host range of Gammaherpesvirus
Restricted host range
What does Gammaherpesvirus target
T and B lymphocytes
what type of infection does Gammaherpesvirus create
Lytic infections
where does Gammaherpesvirus create latency
In lymphoid tissues
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)(mononucleosis) is part of what virus family
Gammaherpesvirus
what does Beta/Gammaherpesvirus cause
EBV associated Carcinomas:
Burkett’s Lymphoma
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
the most common childhood cancer inequatorial africa
Burkett’s Lymphoma
what does Burkett’s Lymphoma lead to
Tumor in jaw, eye socket, ovaries
what is found in all causes of Burkett’s Lymphoma
All cases, tumor cells have monoclonal EBV episome
Roll of EBV in Burkett’s Lymphoma
Spur B cell growth, mutation, or genes transform cells (not well understood)
Type of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
NL - Nodular Sclerosing
MC - Mixed Cellularity
LD - Lymphocy
how often is EBV found in NL, MC, LD tumors
MC: 60-90%
LD: 60-90%
NL: 20-40%
Role of EBV in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Unknown
How does Beta/Gammaherpesvirus evade the immune system
Intrinsic
Innate
Adaptive
Intrisic Immune Evasion
Block cell Death
Inhibit Apoptosis
Innate Immune Evasion
Decrease NK cell activity
Inhibit NK receptor Activation
Adaptive Immune Evasion
Decreased Antigen Presentation
Degrade MHC Class I and II
Block MHC class II and T-cell receptor interactions
what Viruses Evade Immune system via Intrisic methods
HSV
CMV
EBV
what Viruses Evade Immune system via Innate methods
HSV
CMV
what Viruses Evade Immune system via adaptive methods
HSV
CMV
EBV
Where does CMV persist in Vitro
In hematopoietic progenitor cells and macrophages
How does CMV presist
as a chronic infection, not latency
How is CMV Persistence controlled
By a healthy active immune system
Where does EBV persist
genome persists in memory B cells
What does EBV do to aid in its persistence
Virus PRoteins ensure B cell proliferation and EBV genome replication
Commonality of Beat/gammaherpesvirus
Common
Treating Beta?gammherpesvirus
Infections are usually self-limiting in immune competent individuals
antiviral therapy
Immunoprophylaxis
No vaccine
When is Antiviral therapy recommended
For disseminated CMV and EBV in immune compromised individuals
Types of antiviral therapy for Beta/Gammaherpesvirus
Ganciclovir, Foscarnet, Acyclovir
how do Antivirals work to help with Beta/Gammaherpesvirus
Inhibit viral genome replication
can resistance be developed against Antivirals by Beta/Gammaherpesvirus
Yes
effectiveness of beta/gammaherpesvirus antivirals
Less effective treating EBV induced lymphoproliferation
Genome replication not essential for viral gene expression
what kind of treatments can be done with Antiviral therapy for Beta/Gammaherpesvirus
Prophylactic or preemptive treatment
who would get prophylactic or preeemptive treatment with Antiviral therapy for Beta/Gammaherpesvirus
TRansplant patients
what is done in Immunoprophylaxis for Beta/gammaherpesvirus
The passive transfer of anibody for prevention of CMV infection
Transfer of EBV-specific T Lymphocytes
Virus family for Human Papillomavirus
Papillomaviridae
Genome for Human Papillomavirus
circular dsDNA
Virion of Human Papillomavirus
Non-enveloped
Proteins of Human Papillomavirus
L1 - cell attachment
L2 - membrane penetration
How does Human Papillomavirus gain access to body
Through abrasion of the skin
where does Human Papillomavirus first establish infection
In basal layer
what is required for genome replication of Human Papillomavirus
Cell Polymerase
where is Human Papillomavirus virus production done
in differentiating cells
How is Human Papillomavirus released
Non, lytic
VIrus released with cell shedding
Each type of Human Papillomavirus leads to a
different type of disease
How does Human Papillomavirus spread
Direct skin to skin contact
Fomites
strength of skin as a barrier
very strong (mucous membreanes more susceptible)
What allows Human Papillomavirus to transmit via fomites
It is hardy to environmental stresses
where are symptoms of Human Papillomavirus
Site of infection
time it takes for Human Papillomavirus symptoms to manifest
months
symptoms of Human Papillomavirus
Warts - raised or flat
how does Human Papillomavirus warts go away
50% regress on their own in 2 years
what serious disease can Human Papillomavirus cause
Respiratory papilllomatosis
What is Respiratory papillomatosis
rare complication of Human Papillomavirus due to respired virus that can be lethal
what is Oncogenesis
Cervical cancer caused by Human Papillomavirus
does Human Papillomavirus need to replicate and produce progeny
actively replicating cells
what does E7 from Human Papillomavirus do
blocks retinoblastoma (Rb) protein leading to continued cell proliferation
what does E6 from Human Papillomavirus do
blocks the p53 tumor suppressor pathway
how does Human Papillomavirus cause cancer
Unknown: viral transformation, cell proliferation leading to cancerous mutation
what type of cancer is Human Papillomavirus responsible for
Cervical Cancer
what types of HPV are most likely to cause cancer
HPV16 and HPV18
treatment of Human Papillomavirus
ablative: liquid nitrogen, surgical excision, laser, caustic chem (may have to be repeated)
condoms prevent Human Papillomavirus
lol, no, hit it raw
Vaccination for Human Papillomavirus
Yes, protects against HPV-6, 11, 16, and 18
