Neurological Examination of the Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What neurological lesion results in “foot drop”?

A

mononeuropathies of the deep peroneal nerve, the common peroneal nerve, or the sciatic nerve

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2
Q

hemiplegia

A

is a condition, caused by a brain injury, that results in a varying degree of weakness, stiffness (spasticity) and lack of control in one side of the body

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3
Q

paraplegia

A

is an impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities

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4
Q

quadriplegia

A

the partial or total loss of use of all four limbs and torso

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5
Q

MRC Scale for grading muscle strength

A

0-5
0 = no contraction
1 = flicker or trace of contraction
2 = active movement with gravity eliminated
3 = active movement against gravity
4 = active movement against gravity and resistance
5 = normal power

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6
Q

proximal myopathy

A

symmetrical weakness of proximal upper and/or lower limbs

associated with thyroid disease, osteomalacia, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

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7
Q

upper motor neurone

A

found in the cerebral cortex and brainstem and carry information down to activate interneurons and lower motor neurons, which in turn directly signal muscles to contract or relax

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8
Q

lower motor neurone

A

onnects the upper motor neurone (UMN) to the skeletal muscle it innervates

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9
Q

Upper motor neurone lesion signs

A
  • Muscle weakness
  • overreactive reflexes
  • increased tone
  • positive bainski response
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10
Q

Lower motor neurone lesion signs

A
  • reduced tone
  • decreased reflexes
  • atrophy
  • fascinations present
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11
Q

inverted champagne bottles legs cause

A

MS

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12
Q

conditions which would give a mixture of upper motor neurone and lower motor neurone signs.

A

motor neurone disease

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13
Q

clonus

A

nerve cells that control the muscles are damaged and this causes involuntary contractions and spasms

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14
Q

conditions that elicit clonus

A

cerebral palsy

brain injury

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15
Q

grading system for reflex response

A

0 = no response; always abnormal

1+ = a slight but definitely present response; may or may not be normal

2+ = a brisk response; normal

3+ = a very brisk response; may or may not be normal

4+ = a tap elicits a repeating reflex (clonus); always abnormal

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