Autonomic NS 3

Question 1

Tyrosine hydroxylase

Answer 1

– Rate limiting step

- inhibited by catecholamines

Question 2

DOPA decarboxylase

Answer 2

– Methyldopa

hypertension in pregnancy

Question 3

Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH)

Answer 3

– Membrane bound

Question 4

PNMT

Answer 4

• mainly located in adrenal medulla

- induced by adrenal cortex hormones

Question 5

Noradrenaline (NA) release

Answer 5

this is facilitated by ca2+

Question 6

α2 adrenoreceptors on the presynaptic terminal

Answer 6

– ↓Ca2+influx therefore ↓NArelease

Question 7

norepinephrine transporter

Answer 7

NET

Question 8

“repackaged” by vesicular monoamine transporter

Answer 8

VMAT

Question 9

what is noradrenaline uptake and degradation affected by

Answer 9

indirectly acting sympathomimetic drugs
monamine oxidase (MOA) inhibitors
Uptake inhibitors

Question 10

Drugs that affect catecholamine synthesis

Answer 10

methyldopa

Question 11

Drugs that affect catecholamine release

Answer 11

• Indirectly acting sympathomimetics – e.g. amphetamines

- By acting on α2 adrenoreceptors – e.g. clonidine

Question 12

Inhibitors of catecholamine uptake

Answer 12

NET inhibitors – e.g. cocaine, tricylic antidepressants

Question 13

Inhibitors of catecholamine metabolic degradation

Answer 13

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors used in depression

Question 14

What are the two main groups of adrenoreceptors

Answer 14

alpha 1 and 2

beta 1, 2 and 3

Question 15

Adrenergic receptors are

Answer 15

metabotropic (G-protein coupled receptors)

Question 16

Nasal congestion

Answer 16

Phenylephrine

Constriction of airway blood vessels (α1)

Question 17

Asthma

Answer 17

Salbutamol = short acting
Salmeterol = long acting
Also terbutaline
All cause bronchodilation

Question 18

mean arterial blood pressure =

Answer 18

cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

Question 19

Sympathetic stimulation increases cardiac output by

Answer 19

– Byincreasingtheheartrate
– By increasing the volume pumped on each stroke
– Both mediated by β1 receptors

Question 20

Sympathetic stimulation increases total peripheral resistance

Answer 20

– By constricting blood vessels (mainly small arteries/arterioles)
– Mediated by α1 receptors

Question 21

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 21

Damaged heart, unable to supply enough blood to the organs of the body
Dobutamine
↑ heart rate and force

Question 22

Hypertension

Elevated blood pressure

Answer 22

Prazosin
Propranolol
Atenolol
Clonidine

Question 23

Anaphylaxis

Answer 23

Narrowing of airways
Sudden drop in blood pressure
Red raised itchy skin rash
Swelling of eyes, lips, hands and feet

Question 24

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 24

Swollen prostate causing problems with passing urine

• Prazosin
• Relax bladder neck and prostate capsule by blocking α1 receptors
• Tamsulosin is more prostate-specific