Introduction to Metabolism Flashcards
what is the definition of metabolism
means by which organisms extract energy from their environment and use this to synthesise large molecules
what disorders involve changes in the balance of metabolic activities
diabetes, obesity or vitamin deficiencies
what is the definition of oxidation
addition of o2 molecules and can also be considered the removal of electrons from molecules
what is the definition of reduction
removal of o2 fro molecules and can also be considered as addition of electrons
what is the definition of anabolism
process by which large molecules are built from smaller ones and requires an energy input
what is the definition of catabolism
breakdown of large molecules to smaller ones and this releases energy, this is sometimes used to drive anabolism and other energy requiring processes
chemical reaction either absorb or release energy and this is shown as what
the change in free energy = ∆G
∆G = what
the free energy change for the reaction with reactants at the concentrations given
ΔGo = what
standard free energy change (when all the reactants are present at a concentration of 1.0 M)
R = what
Gas constant
T = what
Absolute temperature
what is the equation for ∆G
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how can a reaction occur spontaneously (without energy input)
if the free energy change(∆G) is negative therefore there is energy being given off
what is the relationship between ∆G and speed
the magnitude of ∆G does not indicate how rapidly the reaction will take place
this is because the reaction depends on the activation energy, or free energy of activation ∆G*
ATP explanation
inorganic phosphate = PO4(3-) = Pi
phosphorylation = adding a phosphate group to a molecule (converting ADP to ATP
