Autonomic Nervous System Part I

Question 1

where do pre-ganglionic fibres originate from

Answer 1

from the CNS

Question 2

Where do post-ganglionic fibres originate from

Answer 2

from the autonomic ganglia

Question 3

where do pre-ganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres originate from

Answer 3

sympathetic = thoracolumbar 
parasympathetic = paravertebral chain and prevertebral ganglia

Question 4

where do post-ganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres originate from

Answer 4

sympathetic = craniosacral
parasympathetic = in or near target organ

Question 5

EYE

Answer 5

EYE III Parasympathetic

Question 6

Lacrimal gland and salivary

Answer 6

VII parasympathetic and IX also for salivary gland

Question 7

heart lung and upper GI tract

Answer 7

X parasympathetic

Question 8

Lower GI tract, bladder and gentitalia

Answer 8

Nervi Erigentes synapsing on pelvic ganglia

Question 9

how are the sympathetic nerves organised

Answer 9

in a bilateral paravertebral sympathetic chain

Question 10

Sympathetic supply to organs in the head

Answer 10

internal carotid plexus

Question 11

what forms the stellate ganglion

Answer 11

inferior cervical ganglia fused with the T1 ganglion

lies on the neck off the 1st rib

Question 12

What are the four pathways of nerves leaving the spinal cord

Answer 12

1. some come out, wrap around and amend into a higher ganglion and synapse to innervate structures higher up
2. some come out, wrap around and synapse in their ganglia on their levels providing innervation to structures near by
3. some come out, wrap around and descend to synapse in a ganglia further down and innervate structures there
4. some come out, wrap around and go straight through the ganglia and don’t synapse until they are across in another one

Question 13

example of type four passage

Answer 13

viscera of abdominopelvic cavity via abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve

Question 14

What are some parasympathetic responses in the body

Answer 14

decrease in HR 
Bronchioconstriction 
INC. in digestive secretions 
release of urine 
constricts pupil of the eye 
erection
no effect in BV 
no efect in sweat glands 
no effect in liver

Question 15

what are some sympathetic responses in the body

Answer 15

increase in HR 
Bronchiodilation
DEC. in digestive secretions and motility  
retention of urine 
dilates pupil of the eye 
ejaculation
constriction of BV
increaset in sweat glands secretions
glycogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver

Question 16

mydriasis

Answer 16

DILATION

pupillary dilator muscle - sympathetic innervation only

Question 17

mitosis

Answer 17

CONTRICTION

papillary constrictor muscle - parasympathetic innervation

Question 18

if you use an antagonist what happens

Answer 18

it has the opposite effect so basically agonises the opposite system

Question 19

When bladder is filling

Answer 19

Sympathetic control predominates
• Relaxation of detrusor muscle
• Contraction of internal sphincter muscle

Question 20

When bladder is full

Answer 20

Parasympathetic control predominates
• Contraction of detrusor muscle
• Relaxation of internal sphincter muscle

Question 21

referred pain

Answer 21

Path of afferent fibers

Question 22

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers synapse on

Answer 22

chromaffin cells

Question 23

Chromaffin cells release

Answer 23

adrenaline (~80%) and noradrenaline (~20%) into systemic circulation
 widespread tissue response

Question 24

All pre-ganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic sympathetic system release

Answer 24

ACh

• Nicotinic receptors

Question 25

All postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

release

Answer 25

ACh

• Muscarinic receptors

Question 26

Most postganglionic sympathetic neurons release

Answer 26

noradrenaline

• Some release ACh (i.e. sweat glands)