Neurological Flashcards
CN 1: NAME and FUNCTION
Olfactory
Smell
CN2: NAME and FUNCTION
Optic
Vision
CN3: NAME and FUNCTION
Oculomotor
EOMs
CN IV: NAME and FUNCTION
Trochlear
Down and inward eye movement
CN V: NAME and FUNCTION
Trigeminal
Muscles of mastication; sensation of face/scalp
CN VI: NAME and FUNCTION
Abducens
Lateral eye movement
CN VII: NAME and FUNCTION
Facial
Movement of face, closing mouth and eyes, taste, saliva and tear secretions
CN VIII: NAME and FUNCTION
Acoustic
Hearing and equilibrium
CN IX: NAME and FUNCTION
Glossopharyngeal
Phonation, gag reflex, carotid reflex, swallowing, taste
CN X: NAME and FUNCTION
Vagus
Talking, swallowing, general sensation from the carotid body, carotid reflex
CN XI: NAME and FUNCTION
Spinal Accessory
Movement of trapezius and sternomastoid (shrug shoulders)
CN XII: NAME and FUNCTION
Hypoglossal
Movement of the tongue
4 primary mechanisms of headache pain:
Vascular dilation
Muscular contraction
Traction
Inflammation
What mnemonic is used to evaluate headaches?
OLDCART
What percent of bacterial meningitis occurs in children aged 1 month to 5 years?
90%
What two signs are positive in older infants and children when they have bacterial meningitis? Define each sign.
Kernig’s sign: flexion of hip @ 90 degrees, pain on extension of leg
Brudzinski’s sign: involuntary flexion of legs when the neck is flexed
What diagnostic test is used to determine if a patient is suffering from meningitis?
CSF–cloudy
CSF in meningitic patients will have ______ protein and ______ glucose.
Increased protein
Decreased glucose
What is the most common type of brain tumor and what age is most common to getting these?
Infratentorial brainstem tumors
ages 4 to 11
An older child with a brain tumor would experience pain that is worse in the _____ and then followed by ______.
Morning
Vomiting
What diagnostic test should the primary provider order if there is a concern for a brain tumor?
CT
Migraine HA are classified in to what two categories:
Classic migraine
Common migrain
Classic migraines ____ have an aura while common migraines ____ have an aura.
Classic migraines have an aura
Common migraines don’t have an aura
What causes migraines?
dilation and excessive pulsation of branches of the external carotid artery
Classic migraines typically occur ____ 10 years old while common migraines occur _____ 10 years old.
after
before
Symptoms of migraines include pain that is _______ with an ________ onset. Migraine is worsened by ______ and ________.
unilateral
insidious onset
Photophobia and Phonophobia
This variant migraine syndrome is more common in younger children. There is a period of confusion and disorientation followed by vomiting and deep sleep, waking feeling well; headache may not be described.
Confusional migraine
This variant migraine syndrome occurs with episodic abdominal pain with N/V, followed or accompanied with HA
Abdominal migraine
What is the most important part of managing migraine headaches?
Avoiding triggers
When over the counter analgesics do not work for the migraine, what drug class of medications should you try next?
Triptans (Axert, Maxalt, Imitrex)
A transient disturbance of the cerebral function due to an abnormal paroxysmal neuronal discharge in the brain.
Seizure
What happens to the seizure threshold when fever is present?
It is lowered
This seizure category is made up of simple and complex seizures
Partial seizures
In simple partial seizures, there IS/IS NOT loss of consciousness
IS NOT
In complex partial seizures, there is ______ consciousness.
impaired
Partial seizures affects ___ hemisphere of the brain.
One
This category of seizures is made up of Absence, Tonic, Tonic-clonic, and atonic seizures
Generalized seizures
Generalized seizures affects ____ hemispheres of the brain.
Both
What type of seizure: Brief staring episodes, almost always beginning in childhood?
Absence (petit mal) seizure
What type of seizure: sudden increase in muscle tone producing number of characteristic postures, consciousness is either partially or completely lost, postictal period present
Tonic seizure
What type of seizure: sudden loss of consciousness with arrested respirations, increased muscle tone followed by rhythmic jerks, urinary and fecal incontinence, postictal state lasting a long period of time
Tonic-clonic seizure
What type of seizure: Sudden loss of muscle tone
Atonic seizure
Seizures occurring during the course of and as a result of fever
Febrile seizure
What is the peak incidence of age that are affected by febrile seizures?
1 and 3 years old
A neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by numerous cafe-au-lait spots on the body, and nerve tumors on the skin and in the body.
Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen Disease)
A child must have ___ or more cafe-au-lait spots to have neurofibromatosis. If the patient is prepubertal, the spots will be greater than ___ mm, if post-pubertal children the spots will be greater than ___ mm.
6
5 mm
15 mm
Neurofibromatosis has what type of genetic transmission?
Autosomal dominant
Brief, abrupt, non-purposeful movements or utterances
Tic Disorder
What is the most common tic disorder?
Tourette syndrome
Onset of tic disorder is between ages __ and __ years old.
6 and 12
With complex motor tics, obscene gestures is referred to as __________, obscene writing is referred to as ________, obscene speech is referred to as _________.
Copropraxia
Coprographia
Coproalia
_________ is repeating one’s own words and _________ is repeating another person’s words.
Palilalia
Echolalia
Management of tic disorders should involve _________.
Neurology
