Neurological

Question 1

CN 1: NAME and FUNCTION

Answer 1

Olfactory

Smell

Question 2

CN2: NAME and FUNCTION

Answer 2

Optic

Vision

Question 3

CN3: NAME and FUNCTION

Answer 3

Oculomotor

EOMs

Question 4

CN IV: NAME and FUNCTION

Answer 4

Trochlear

Down and inward eye movement

Question 5

CN V: NAME and FUNCTION

Answer 5

Trigeminal

Muscles of mastication; sensation of face/scalp

Question 6

CN VI: NAME and FUNCTION

Answer 6

Abducens

Lateral eye movement

Question 7

CN VII: NAME and FUNCTION

Answer 7

Facial

Movement of face, closing mouth and eyes, taste, saliva and tear secretions

Question 8

CN VIII: NAME and FUNCTION

Answer 8

Acoustic

Hearing and equilibrium

Question 9

CN IX: NAME and FUNCTION

Answer 9

Glossopharyngeal

Phonation, gag reflex, carotid reflex, swallowing, taste

Question 10

CN X: NAME and FUNCTION

Answer 10

Vagus

Talking, swallowing, general sensation from the carotid body, carotid reflex

Question 11

CN XI: NAME and FUNCTION

Answer 11

Spinal Accessory

Movement of trapezius and sternomastoid (shrug shoulders)

Question 12

CN XII: NAME and FUNCTION

Answer 12

Hypoglossal

Movement of the tongue

Question 13

4 primary mechanisms of headache pain:

Answer 13

Vascular dilation
Muscular contraction
Traction
Inflammation

Question 14

What mnemonic is used to evaluate headaches?

Answer 14

OLDCART

Question 15

What percent of bacterial meningitis occurs in children aged 1 month to 5 years?

Answer 15

90%

Question 16

What two signs are positive in older infants and children when they have bacterial meningitis? Define each sign.

Answer 16

Kernig’s sign: flexion of hip @ 90 degrees, pain on extension of leg

Brudzinski’s sign: involuntary flexion of legs when the neck is flexed

Question 17

What diagnostic test is used to determine if a patient is suffering from meningitis?

Answer 17

CSF–cloudy

Question 18

CSF in meningitic patients will have ______ protein and ______ glucose.

Answer 18

Increased protein

Decreased glucose

Question 19

What is the most common type of brain tumor and what age is most common to getting these?

Answer 19

Infratentorial brainstem tumors

ages 4 to 11

Question 20

An older child with a brain tumor would experience pain that is worse in the _____ and then followed by ______.

Answer 20

Morning

Vomiting

Question 21

What diagnostic test should the primary provider order if there is a concern for a brain tumor?

Answer 21

CT

Question 22

Migraine HA are classified in to what two categories:

Answer 22

Classic migraine

Common migrain

Question 23

Classic migraines ____ have an aura while common migraines ____ have an aura.

Answer 23

Classic migraines have an aura

Common migraines don’t have an aura

Question 24

What causes migraines?

Answer 24

dilation and excessive pulsation of branches of the external carotid artery

Question 25

Classic migraines typically occur ____ 10 years old while common migraines occur _____ 10 years old.

Answer 25

after | before

Question 26

Symptoms of migraines include pain that is _______ with an ________ onset. Migraine is worsened by ______ and ________.

Answer 26

unilateral insidious onset Photophobia and Phonophobia

Question 27

This variant migraine syndrome is more common in younger children. There is a period of confusion and disorientation followed by vomiting and deep sleep, waking feeling well; headache may not be described.

Answer 27

Confusional migraine

Question 28

This variant migraine syndrome occurs with episodic abdominal pain with N/V, followed or accompanied with HA

Answer 28

Abdominal migraine

Question 29

What is the most important part of managing migraine headaches?

Answer 29

Avoiding triggers

Question 30

When over the counter analgesics do not work for the migraine, what drug class of medications should you try next?

Answer 30

Triptans (Axert, Maxalt, Imitrex)

Question 31

A transient disturbance of the cerebral function due to an abnormal paroxysmal neuronal discharge in the brain.

Answer 31

Seizure

Question 32

What happens to the seizure threshold when fever is present?

Answer 32

It is lowered

Question 33

This seizure category is made up of simple and complex seizures

Answer 33

Partial seizures

Question 34

In simple partial seizures, there IS/IS NOT loss of consciousness

Answer 34

IS NOT

Question 35

In complex partial seizures, there is ______ consciousness.

Answer 35

impaired

Question 36

Partial seizures affects ___ hemisphere of the brain.

Answer 36

One

Question 37

This category of seizures is made up of Absence, Tonic, Tonic-clonic, and atonic seizures

Answer 37

Generalized seizures

Question 38

Generalized seizures affects ____ hemispheres of the brain.

Answer 38

Both

Question 39

What type of seizure: Brief staring episodes, almost always beginning in childhood?

Answer 39

Absence (petit mal) seizure

Question 40

What type of seizure: sudden increase in muscle tone producing number of characteristic postures, consciousness is either partially or completely lost, postictal period present

Answer 40

Tonic seizure

Question 41

What type of seizure: sudden loss of consciousness with arrested respirations, increased muscle tone followed by rhythmic jerks, urinary and fecal incontinence, postictal state lasting a long period of time

Answer 41

Tonic-clonic seizure

Question 42

What type of seizure: Sudden loss of muscle tone

Answer 42

Atonic seizure

Question 43

Seizures occurring during the course of and as a result of fever

Answer 43

Febrile seizure

Question 44

What is the peak incidence of age that are affected by febrile seizures?

Answer 44

1 and 3 years old

Question 45

A neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by numerous cafe-au-lait spots on the body, and nerve tumors on the skin and in the body.

Answer 45

Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen Disease)

Question 46

A child must have ___ or more cafe-au-lait spots to have neurofibromatosis. If the patient is prepubertal, the spots will be greater than ___ mm, if post-pubertal children the spots will be greater than ___ mm.

Answer 46

6 5 mm 15 mm

Question 47

Neurofibromatosis has what type of genetic transmission?

Answer 47

Autosomal dominant

Question 48

Brief, abrupt, non-purposeful movements or utterances

Answer 48

Tic Disorder

Question 49

What is the most common tic disorder?

Answer 49

Tourette syndrome

Question 50

Onset of tic disorder is between ages __ and __ years old.

Answer 50

6 and 12

Question 51

With complex motor tics, obscene gestures is referred to as __________, obscene writing is referred to as ________, obscene speech is referred to as _________.

Answer 51

Copropraxia Coprographia Coproalia

Question 52

_________ is repeating one's own words and _________ is repeating another person's words.

Answer 52

Palilalia Echolalia

Question 53

Management of tic disorders should involve _________.

Answer 53

Neurology