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PNP Certification Exam > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of the tibial tubercle as a result of repetitive stressors in patients with immature skeletal development.

A

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

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2
Q

Peak ages for Osgood-Schlatter disease? What is this disease associated with?

A

11-14

rapid growth spurt

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3
Q

Where is pain located in Osgood-Schlatter disease?

A

Tibial tubercle

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4
Q

Management of OSD?

A

Limiting activity

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5
Q

Self-limiting inflammation of the hip, most likely due to a viral or immune cause

A

Toxic Synovitis

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6
Q

What ages are most affected for toxic synovitis? Who’s affected more, males or females?

A

Ages 2 - 6

males

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7
Q

Signs of toxic synovitis includes a ______ limp, _____ involvement

A

Painful limp

Unilateral involvement

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8
Q

What do Xrays and joint fluid aspiration show with toxic synovitis?

A

NORMAL

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9
Q

When should hospitalization be considered with toxic synovitis?

A

high fever or septic arthritis is considered

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10
Q

Aseptic or avascular necrosis of the femoral head

A

Legg-Calve Perthes disease

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11
Q

Onset of limp is ______ in legg-calve-perthes disease and there is pain in the _____.

A

insidious

knee

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12
Q

In Legg-Calve-Perthes, there is limited ______ ______ ______ and abduction of the hip joint.

A

passive internal rotation

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13
Q

What is the goal of treatment for LCPD?

A

To restore range of motion while maintaining femoral head within acetabulum

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14
Q

In LCPD, observation is warranted if the child is less than __ years old, and there is involvement of less than ___ of the femoral head and full ROM is preserved.

A

6 years old

1/2 of the femoral head

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15
Q

Aggressive treatment is needed in LCPD when more than ___ of the femoral head is involved and the child is older than __.

A

1/2 of the femoral head

6 years old

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16
Q

Spontaneous dislocation of the femoral head (capital epiphysis) both downward and backward relative to the femoral neck and secondary to disruption of the epiphyseal plate.

A

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)

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17
Q

Incidence of SCFE is greater among ____ adolescents with _____ lifestyles.

A

Obese

Sedentary

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18
Q

Where is pain located with SCFE? Where is the pain referred to (2)

A

Groin

Knee or thigh

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19
Q

In SCFE, you may observe limb _______, resulting from proximal displacement of metaphysis.

A

shortening

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20
Q

Lateral. bowing of the tibia, often due to joint laxity

A

Genu Varum (bowleg)

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21
Q

Genu Varum is a normal variant until age ___.

A

2

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22
Q

When should Genu Varum patients be referred to ortho?

A

If continued after 2 years of age

23
Q

Knees are abnormally close and ankle space is increased

A

Genu Valgum

24
Q

Genu Valgum typically evolves to normal alignment by age __

A

7 years

25
Q

In Genu Valgum, distance between medial malleoli is more than ___ inches.

A

3 inches

26
Q

Lateral curvature of the spine that is idiopathic and most common in adolescence.

A

Scoliosis

27
Q

Occurs more often in ____ with an 8:1 ratio

A

Females

28
Q

In scoliosis, there is ______ of shoulders, ribs, hips, and waistline

A

Asymmetry

29
Q

What test can you do to view asymmetry in scoliosis?

A

Adam’s Forward Bend Test

30
Q

Lab/diagnostic test for Scoliosis?

A

XRay

31
Q

Observation in scoliosis is warranted if less than ____ degree curvature. Refer if greater to this degree of curvature.

A

25 degrees

32
Q

Progressive genetic disorder beginning in the lower extremities progressing to the upper extremities and torso

A

Muscular Dystrophy (Duchenne)

33
Q

What is the most common inherited neuromuscular disease in children?

A

Muscular dystrophy

34
Q

Average age of diagnosis for muscular dystrophy is __ to __ years

A

3 to 5 years

35
Q

What is it called when the child “walks” hands up legs to attain standing position when getting up?

A

Gower’s maneuver

36
Q

Wheelchair dependence is often seen by age ___ in MD.

A

12 years

37
Q

Death from what complication is common in MD?

A

cardiopulmonary failure

38
Q

What lab test is markedly increased in affected males?

A

Creatine Kinase (CK)

39
Q

Stretching and/or tearing of the ligaments around the ankle, typically involving the lateral ligament complex and is the most common sport injury:

A

Ankle sprain

40
Q

Ankle injuries are graded __ to __

A

1 to 3

41
Q

Stretching but no tearing of ligament and no joint instability. There is minimal edema with full ROM

A

Stage 1 ankle injury

42
Q

Partial (incomplete) tear of ligament; some joint instability but definite end-point to laxity, ROM is limited

A

Stage 2 ankle injury

43
Q

Complete ligamentous tearing; joint unstable with no definite endpoint with ligamentous stressing, severe pain, significant edema, profound ecchymoses, no weight bearing or ROM

A

Stage 3 ankle injury

44
Q

Radiographs are indicated according to what?

A

Ottawa Ankle Rule

45
Q

Ottawa Ankle Rule: There is pain near the _____ AND _____ ______ is present OR the patient is unable to bear weight for at least __ steps at the time of injury

A

malleoli
bone tenderness
4 steps

46
Q

Unique to pediatric patients of varying ages, this fracture occurs in the growth plate of long bones during development. Boys are twice as likely as girls to sustain this fracture.

A

Salter-Harris Fracture

47
Q

SALTER fracture–SALTER stands for what?

A 
S-slipped
A-Above
L-Lower
T-Through/transverse
E-
R-Rammed/Ruined (rare)
48
Q

What is the most common type of SALTER HARRIS fracture

A

Type II, extending through both they physis and metaphysis

49
Q

Salter 1 and 2 fractures require _____ _____ and cast/splint

A

closed reduction

50
Q

Salter III and IV requires ____ ____ and internal fixation.

A

Open reduction

51
Q

Often associated with injuries resulting from straight, outstretched arm falls

A

Elbow fractures

52
Q

What does the XR show on elbow fractures?

A

Fat pad sign

53
Q

Is there a fracture visible on XR is fat pad sign is present?

A

No

54
Q

Common injury in young children resulting from swinging or pulling child’s arm which causes radial head sublaxation

A

Nursemaid elbow

PNP Certification Exam (12 decks)

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