Hematology

Question 1

Expression of the average volume and size of individual erythrocytes

Answer 1

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

Question 2

What is considered normocytic:

Answer 2

80 - 100 fl

Question 3

Expression of the average hemoglobin concentration or proportion of each RBC occupied by hemoglobin as a percentage, “color

Answer 3

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

Question 4

What is considered normochromic:

Answer 4

32-36%

Question 5

Expression of the average amount and weight of hemoglobin contained in a single erythrocyte

Answer 5

MCH

Question 6

What is normal MCH?

Answer 6

26-34 pg

Question 7

What is used to differentiate between iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia, and anemia of chronic disease?

Answer 7

Red cell distribution width (RCDW)

Question 8

In iron deficiency anemia, RCDW is _______

Answer 8

increased

Question 9

In thalassemia, RCDW is ____ or slightly _____

Answer 9

normal; increased

Question 10

In anemia of chronic disease (ACD), the RCDW is ______

Answer 10

increased

Question 11

Number of new, young RBCs in circulation

Answer 11

Reticulocyte count

Question 12

What is the normal reticulocyte count

Answer 12

1-2%

Question 13

Conditions caused by various disorders of the red blood cell count, quality of hemoglobin and/or volume of packed RBC’s.

Answer 13

Anemia

Question 14

Anemias are classified according to what two things?

Answer 14

MCV and MCHC

Question 15

MCV and MCHC in: IDA, thalassemia, lead poisining

Answer 15

Microcytic

Hypochromic

Question 16

MCV and MCHC in: ACD, acute blood loss, early IDA

Answer 16

Normocytic

Normochromic

Question 17

What is the most common type of anemia?

Answer 17

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 18

IDA is caused by _____ iron intake, _____ needs, or slow __________ blood loss.

Answer 18

decreased
increased needs
gastrointestinal

Question 19

Infants can get IDA from due to micro hemorrhage from the gut from early intake of whole milk before the age of __ months

Answer 19

9 months

Question 20

In toddlers, iron deficiency is often due to ______ reliance on whole milk at the expense of solid foods.

Answer 20

increased

Question 21

Girls are especially subjected to IDA after __________

Answer 21

menarche

Question 22

What does the skin and mucus membranes look like in IDA?

Answer 22

pale, dry skin and mucous membranes

Question 23

Abnormal eating behaviors such as ingesting foam etc that is seen in IDA

Answer 23

Pica

Question 24

Hgb and Hct are __ in IDA

Answer 24

decreased

Question 25

Total iron binding capacity is _______ in IDA

Answer 25

increased

Question 26

Reticulocyte count is ____ in inadequate iron intake; and _______ in cases of blood loss

Answer 26

low | elevated

Question 27

What is the goal of managing IDA?

Answer 27

correct the underlying cause

Question 28

Iron is dosed at __ to __ mg/kg/day until _______ normalizes.

Answer 28

3 to 6 mg/kg/day until hemoglobin normalizes

Question 29

What can you give to help increase the absorption of iron?

Answer 29

Orange juice

Question 30

A group of hereditary disorders that are characterized by abnormal synthesis of alpha and beta globin chains

Answer 30

Thalassemia

Question 31

Thalassemia has what genetic inheritance pattern?

Answer 31

Autosomal recessive

Question 32

Thalassemia differs from IDA in account of the reticulocyte count as the reticulocyte count is ____ in thalassemia

Answer 32

Increased

Question 33

Anemia in which abnormal hemoglobin leads to chronic hemolytic anemia and results in a variety of severe clinical consequences.

Answer 33

Sickle Cell Anemia

Question 34

The peak incidence of infection is between __ and __ years of age for SCD

Answer 34

1 and 3 years

Question 35

SCD has what genetic inheritance pattern

Answer 35

Autosomal recessive

Question 36

Patients with SCD suffer from what type of crisis?

Answer 36

Vaso-occlusive

Question 37

``` SCD lab values: reticulocytes WBC platelets indirect bilirubin ```

Answer 37

all are increased

Question 38

Management of SCD requires a chronic _____ _____ supplementation

Answer 38

Folic acid

Question 39

Cornerstone of therapy is to ______ episodes and to provide support during the _____.

Answer 39

prevent | crisis

Question 40

What medication is used to stimulate fetal hemoglobin, which does not sickle

Answer 40

Hydroxyurea

Question 41

What vaccines are important for SCD patients?

Answer 41

Pneumococcal and HBV

Question 42

Deficiency of factor VIII occurring in 1:7,000 males

Answer 42

Hemophilia A (X-linked recessive)

Question 43

Chronic disease as the result of toxic accumulation of lead in the body that leads to IDA

Answer 43

Lead poisoning

Question 44

Lead poisoning is described as a result of __ or more

Answer 44

5

Question 45

What are bluish discoloration of gingival border that is found in lead poisoning

Answer 45

Burtonian lines

Question 46

When is chelation therapy recommended in lead poisoning?

Answer 46

levels 45 or greater

Question 47

When is hospitalization for chelation/hydration/and monitoring needed?

Answer 47

levels greater than 70

Question 48

A group of malignant hematological diseases in which normal bone marrow elements are replaced by abnormal, poorly differentiated lymphocytes known as blast cells

Answer 48

Leukemia

Question 49

Accounts for 75% of all cases, peak incidence around age 4, B>G

Answer 49

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

Question 50

Accounts for about 20% of leukemia and occurs primarily in infants and older children

Answer 50

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

Question 51

A peripheral smear ay demonstrate ______

Answer 51

blasts

Question 52

Bone marrow shows poorly differentiated _____ cells that replaces healthy _____ ______ tissue

Answer 52

blast | bone marrow tissue