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PNP Certification Exam > Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat > Flashcards

Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Flashcards

1
Q

A common staphylococcal abscess on the upper or lower eyelid

A

hordeolum (stye)

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2
Q

Hordeolums are _______ with an ______ onset

A

painful; abrupt

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3
Q

A granulomatous (beady nodule) on the eyelid; infection or retention cyst of the meibomian gland

A

Chalazion

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4
Q

How does a chalazion differ from a hordeolum?

A

chalazion are typically painless

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5
Q

The most common eye disorder; an inflamattion/infection of the conjunctiva (“pink eye”) resulting from a variety of causes including allergies, chemical irritation, or infection

A

Conjunctivitis

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6
Q

Treatment for bacterial conjuctivitis:

A

erythromycin, tetracycline, or polymyxin B solution

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7
Q

What infectious organism causes conjuctivits and is considered an ophthalmic emergency?

A

Gonococcal

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8
Q

Treatment for gonococcal eye infection

A

Neonatal: IV Pen G or IM ceftriaxone

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9
Q

In allergic conjunctivitis, there is an increased _________

A

tearing

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10
Q

Should steroid eyedrops ever be prescribed for conjunctivitis in primary care?

A

No, it can increase intraocular pressure and activate herpes simplex virus

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11
Q

Viral conjunctivitis differs from bacterial conjunctivits how?

A

Viral = WATERY discharge not purluent

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12
Q

An abnormal, UNIFORM, progressive opacity of the eye seen in children with comorbid syndromes (i.e. Down syndrome, diabetes, Marfan)

A

Cataracts

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13
Q

Ocular misalignment as a result of uncoordinated ocular muscles. If acquired after 6 months of age, it usually is related to an underlying problem.

A

Stabismus

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14
Q

When eyes deviate INWARD

A

Esotropia

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15
Q

When eyes deviate OUTWARD

A

Exotropia

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16
Q

When eyes deviate UPWARD

A

Hypertropia

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17
Q

When eyes deviate DOWNWARD

A

Hypotropia

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18
Q

When should you refer to ophthalmology

A
  1. If fixed or continuous at six months of age or more

2. Immediately for HYPERTROPIA and HYPOTROPIA (likely a brain tumor)

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19
Q

Inflammation of the external auditory meatus

A

Otitis externa (Swimmer’s Ear)

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20
Q

Physical findings with otitis externa:

A

Purulent exudate, pain upon manipulation of auricle

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21
Q

What does the tympanic membrane look like with Otitis Externa?

A

Normal

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22
Q

Treatment option for otitis external if bacterial?

A

Ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone otic drops, Ofloxacin otic drops

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23
Q

Bacterial infection of the mucosally lined air-containing spaces of the temporal bone in the ear.

A

Acute otitis media

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24
Q

What is the most common bacterium associated with AOM?

A

S. Pnumoniae (30%)

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25
Q

What is the second most common bacterium associated with AOM?

A

H. influenzae (20%)

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26
Q

How does the TM look with AOM?

A

erythematous and edematous and bulging

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27
Q

How long is the watchful waiting period for AOM?

A

48-72 hours

28
Q

1st line treatment for AOM?

A

Amoxicillin 80-90 mg/kg/day BID x 10 days

29
Q

What vaccines help prevent AOM? (3)

A

Hib, Pneumococcal, and Flu

30
Q

2nd hand smoke increases chances of AOM by __ times

A

4

31
Q

The presence of fluid in the middle ears without the signs or symptoms of AOM

A

Serous otitis media/otitis media with effusion (OME)

32
Q

OME typically occurs due to what?

A

Blocked eustachian tubes

33
Q

Signs/Symptoms of OME:

A

hearing loss, fullness in the ears, “popping” sensation

34
Q

Management for OME includes watchful waiting for __ months.

A

Watchful waiting for 3 months

35
Q

Do antihistamines and decongestants show efficacy with OME?

A

NO

36
Q

Decreased ability to conduct sound from the EXTERNAL to the INTERNAL ear

A

Conduction hearing loss

37
Q

In conductive hearing loss, Weber lateralizes sound to the _________ ear, and Rinne will be ______ in the effected ear.

A

effected

abnormal

38
Q

Impaired transmission of sound through the nervous system

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

39
Q

With sensorineural hearing loss: Weber lateralizes to the _________ ear

A

unaffected

40
Q

Viral rhinitis, a self-limiting upper respiratory tract infection

A

Common cold

41
Q

Treatment for the common cold?

A

Supportive care–rest and hydration

42
Q

Children should not be prescribed antitussives for children less than ___ years old.

A

Six

43
Q

Where should pressure be applied during epistaxis and for how long?

A

Kiesselbach’s triange (Anterior inferior aspect of the nasal septum) for 10 minutes

44
Q

What is Centor criteria?

A

Specific criteria that suggest group A beta-hemolytic streptococci

45
Q

Centor Criteria uses FLEA, which stands for:

A

Fever
Lack of cough
Pharyngo-tonsillar EXUDATE
Anterior cervical ADENOPATHY

46
Q

Treatment for strep throat:

A

Penicillin VK 250 mg PO TID x 10 days

47
Q

If allergic to PCN, what should be the treatment of choice?

A

Erythromycin 250 mg QID x 10 days

48
Q

Sudden, severe swelling of the epiglottis that occurs as a result of bacterial infection; can produce respiratory compromise in a matter of hours.

A

Epiglottitis

49
Q

Three common pathogens associated with epiglottitis

A

Streptococci
Pneumococci
H. Influenzae

50
Q

Peak incidence for epiglottis is __ and __ years

A

6 and 10 years

51
Q

Name two signs/symptoms of epiglottitis:

A

drooling

hyperextension of the neck

52
Q

The neck XR will reveal what if the patient is positive for epiglottitis?

A

Thumb sign–a thumb-shaped patch

53
Q

Parainfluenza viral infection of the larynx

A

Croup

54
Q

Peak incidence of croup is __ months to __ years

A

3 months to 6 years

55
Q

When is croup most common (2 seasons)?

A

fall and winter

56
Q

Neck XRay reveals what if patient has croup?

A

Steeple sign – narrowing of the trachea

57
Q

Epiglottitis is a ______ infection and croup is a _____ infection.

A

Bacterial

Viral

58
Q

An acute infectious disease due to the Eptein-Barr virus, usually occurring over the age of 10 years

A

Infectious Mononucleosis

59
Q

Mode of transmission for mono:

A

Saliva

60
Q

What type of rash could be present with Mono?

A

maculopapular or petechial rash

61
Q

Patients with mono should avoid contact sports for how long? Why is this important?

A

3 weeks to several months to avoid splenic rupture

62
Q

Occurs when an undrained collection of pus accumulates in one or more of the paranasal sinuses in children

A

Sinusitis

63
Q

Sinusitis can be diagosed in children great than __ years old

A

9

64
Q

Which two sinus cavities are the most commonly affected in sinusitis

A

Maxillary and ethmoid

65
Q

Three typical pathogens (same as AOM)

A

S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
M. catarrhalis

66
Q

Uncomplicated sinusitis is treated with?

A

Amoxicillin-clavulanate x10 days, if no improvement after 3 days, change to levaquin

67
Q

What should the PCP do for children with chronic, refractory or recurrent sinusitis?

A

Refer to otolaryngologist

PNP Certification Exam (12 decks)

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