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PNP Certification Exam > GU/GYN > Flashcards

GU/GYN Flashcards

1
Q

Involuntary urination that occurs at an age when voluntary control should be present?

A

Enuresis

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2
Q

Children who have never established control have _____ enuresis

A

Primary

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3
Q

Children who have been dry for more than 6-11 months and then begin bedwetting is called:

A

Secondary enuresis

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4
Q

Enuresis can occur in up to __% of 10-year olds

A

3%

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5
Q

What lab/diagnostic tests do you order for a child experiencing enuresis?

A

UA and culture

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6
Q

What medications can be helpful in the treatment of enuresis?

A

Imipramine, DDAVP, oxybutynin (ditropan)

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7
Q

Bacterial infections of the urinary tract are more common in ____ that are ______ in the first year of life. This then increases to ______ with a 10:1 ratio throughout the lifespan

A

males; uncircumcised

females

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8
Q

What does the UA show if positive for UTI? (3)

A

Leukocytes, erythrocytes, nitrites

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9
Q

If the patient has a UTI and is febrile, they should receive a renal/bladder __________.

A

US

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10
Q

Oral antibiotics are given for 10-14 days. Top choice is:

A

Trimethroprim/sulfamethoxazole

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11
Q

If no improvement is seen after ___ days, change ABX

A

2 days

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12
Q

Children less than __ months with UTI will require hospitilization for IV ABX

A

2 months

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13
Q

If renal US is abnormal, what is the next test you will order?

A

VCUG

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14
Q

A relatively common congenital abnormality in which the urethral opening is on the ventral surface of the penis.

A

Hypospadias

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15
Q

S/Sx of hypospadias include: dorsally _____ _____, urinary stream that aims ________, and ______ (ventral bowing of the penis).

A

Dorsally hooded foreskin
downward
chordee

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16
Q

This occurs when fluid collects in the thin sheath that surrounds the testicles

A

Hydrocele

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17
Q

Hydrocele can either be _____ or open to the abdomen, which is referred to as _______.

A

sealed (non-communicating)

Communicating

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18
Q

Which type of hydrocele requires surgical intervention?

A

Communicating hydrocele

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19
Q

Absence of one or both of the testes from the scrotal sac due to failure to descend from abdomen in utero.

A

Cryptorchidism

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20
Q

When should your refer a patient to urology if testes are still undescended?

A

1 year old

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21
Q

Twisting and strangulation of the spermatic cord characterized by acute pain; constitutes a surgical emergency to prevent necrotic testicle and infertility

A

Testicular torsion

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22
Q

In testicular torsion, pain is not relieved by elevating the scrotum. This is called _____ sign

A

Prim Sign

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23
Q

Pain and cramping associated with menstruation

A

Dysmenorrhea

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24
Q

Absence of any pelvic pathology which is most commonly seen in adolescent is called ______ dysmenorrhea.

A

Primary

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25
Q

_____ dysmenorrhea results from an underlying cause such as pregnancy, PID, and endometriosis.

A

Secondary

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26
Q

Ibuprofen is helpful in dysmenorrhea because it blocks _________.

A

prostaglandin

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27
Q

A parasitic STI; produces serious reproductive complications in either sex

A

Chlamydia

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28
Q

What is the most common bacterial STD in the US?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

29
Q

Chlamydia remains one the most common causes of ____ and ____ in adolescents.

A

Cervicitis

Urethritis

30
Q

Females and males can often be _________

A

asymptomatic

31
Q

What color is penile discharge with Chlamydia

A

thick and cloudy

32
Q

What is the medical treatment for chlamydia?

A

1 gram azithromycin in a single dose OR doxycycline 100 mg BID x 7 days

33
Q

A bacterial STI caused by a gram-negative diplococci and can be cultured from the genitourinary tract, oropharynx, conjunctiva, and/or anorectum

A

Gonorrhea

34
Q

Gonorrhea is the leading cause of ______ among females

A

infertility

35
Q

80% of females with gonorrhea are ________

A

asymptomatic

36
Q

What is the vaginal discharge with gonorrhea?

A

Mucopurulent (copious)

37
Q

In males with gonorrhea, the penile discharge is what color

A

White/yellow/green

38
Q

What is the treatment for gonorrhea?

A

ceftriaxone IM single dose

39
Q

When treating gonorrhea, what other STI will you also treat?

A

Chlamydia

40
Q

True or False: Gonorrhea should be reported to the health department.

A

True

41
Q

An STI caused by Treponema pallidum, a sphirocete

A

Syhplis

42
Q

What occurs during primary syphilis infection?

A

painless indurated chancre

43
Q

What occurs in secondary syphilis?

A

Strong reactive syphilis infection with flu-like symptoms. Maculopapular rash, especially on the palms and soles

44
Q

In _______ syphilis, the patient is seropositive but asymptomatic. About ___ of untreated cases develop tertiary syphilis.

A

Latent syphilis

1/3

45
Q

In tertiary syphilis there becomes __ __ __ involvement

A

Central nervous system

46
Q

Serological tests for syphilis includes:

A

RPR

47
Q

What test is used for the confirmatory test for syphilis

A

Treponemal tests

48
Q

Treatment option for syphilis:

A

Benzathine penicillin G (IM)

49
Q

What drugs can you use to treat syphilis if the patient is allergic to penicilin?

A

Doxycycline

Erythromycin

50
Q

A vaginal infection in which several species of bacteria interact to alter the vaginal flora.

A

Bacterial vaginosis

51
Q

The cause of BV is from _______ pH and ______ lactobacilli

A

increased pH and decreased lactobacilli

52
Q

Is BV an STI?

A

NO, vaginal infection

53
Q

What is the discharge appear like with BV

A

Milky white discharge

54
Q

Discharge smells like what after sexual intercourse?

A

Fish

55
Q

The Wet mount is performed for BV, which reveals ____ cells (epithelial cells covered with bacteria appear stippled with poorly defined borders).

A

Clue Cells

56
Q

What test produces a fishy odor when potassium hydroxide to the slide with cells on it?

A

Amine “whiff” test

57
Q

Treatment for bacterial vaginosis?

A

Metronidazole PO
Clindamycin PO
OR either above intra-vaginally

58
Q

Recurrent, viral STI that is associated with painful lesions

A

Herpes

59
Q

This type of herpes is found on the lips, face, and mucos

A

Type 1

60
Q

This type of herpes is found on the genitalia

A

Type 2

61
Q

The initial symptoms for herpes includes fever, malaise, dysuria, painful/pruritic uclers for ___ days

A

12 days

62
Q

What is the most definitive lab/diagnostic test

A

Viral culture

63
Q

A disorder characterized by immunodeficiency as the result of infections by human immunodeficiency virus.

A

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

64
Q

What is the primary postnatal route of infection?

A

Breastfeeding

65
Q

What screening test is is used in infants to detect HIV?

A

HIV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing

66
Q

What screening test is used in infants for AIDS?

A

ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay)

67
Q

What is the confirmatory test for HIV/AIDS

A

Western blot

68
Q

What antibiotic is given for prevention of pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

Bactrim

PNP Certification Exam (12 decks)

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