Issues, Trends, and Health Policy Flashcards
The degree to which health care professionals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health care information and services necessary to make appropriate health care decisions.
Health literacy
What is the average adult reading level in America?
8th grade
Medical/health information literature should be written at no higher of a grade level than __ to __ grade
6th to 8th grade reading level
How consumers use health care resources and services and how patients interact with healthcare providers
Resource utilizaiton
What uses EMR technology to 1) improve quality/efficiency/safety, 2) reduce healthcare disparities, 3) engage patients and family members in course of care, 4) improve care coordination, and 5) maintain privacy and safety of PHI
Meaningful use
A management process of monitoring, evaluating, continuously reviewing, and improving both the quality of health care delivery and the health status of target populations.
Quality Improvement
An initiative aimed at providing future nurses with knowledge, skills, and attitude necessary to ensure continuous improvement in quality and safety of their respective healthcare systems.
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) Initiative
What is the most common screening tool for depression?
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)
What is a self-administered screening tool that identifies whether a complete assessment for anxiety is indicated.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder -7
What is the self-report questionnaire designed to quickly assess wheter and alcohol or drug assessment is needed/
CAGE-AID
If there are more than ___ “yes” answers to CAGE-AID, this warrants a formal evaluation
2
Term that refers to treatments that are used along with, or in place of, conventional medicine
Alternative/complementary therapies
What type of medicine brings conventional and complementary approaches together in a coordinated way.
Integrative medicine
Specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information knowledge, and wisdom in nursing.
Nursing informatics
Comparison and measurement of a healthcare organization’s services against other national healthcare organizations.
Benchmarking
What are four core principles of Benchmarking?
Maintaining quality
Improving customer satisfaction
Improving patient safety
Continuous improvement
The process by which practicing RN systematically access, monitor, and make judgements about the quality of nursing care provided by peers as measured against professional standards of practice.
Peer review
Written statement of a patient’s intent regarding medical treatment
Advance directive
Type of advance directive that my (or may not) include a living will and/or specifications regarding durable POA in one or two separate documents.
Healthcare directive
Written compilation of statements in document format that specifies which life-prolonging measures one does and does not want to be taken if they become incapacitated
Living will
Establishes a voluntary reporting system to enhance the data available to assess and resolve patient safety and health care quality issues.
The Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act (PSQIA)
This supersedes the right to confidentiality if a patient’s condition may endanger others.
Duty to warn
Damaging one’s reputation as a result of information being shared without the patient’s permission.
Invasion of privacy
What are the 2 goals of Healthy People 2020
Increase quality and years of healthy life
Eliminate health disparities among Americans
Require practitioners to report specific health-related information
Reporting statutes
T/F: NP’s are not legally required to report most cases of domestic violence
True
Who sets the standards for reimbursement and cutting costs?
Medicare
This type of Medicare provides limited prescription drug coverage with a monthly premium and copay
Medicare D
This type of Medicare covers physician services, outpatient hospital services, laboratory and diagnostic procedures, medical equipment, and some home health-services
Medicare B
What percent do NPs receive of physician reimbursment for services provided in collaboration with a physician
85%
Medicare pays __% of the patients bill for physician services and the patient pays __%
80/20
This type of Medicare is known as Medicare Advantage.
Medicare C. (A+B+C)
Federally supported, state administered program for low-income families and individuals. Benefits vary from state to state.
Medicaid
Involves a comprehensive and systematic approach to provided quality care with the purpose to mobilize, monitor and control resources
Case Management
A management process of monitoring, evaluating, continuous review, and improving the quality in providing health care.
Quality Assurance/Quality Improvement/Continuous Process Improvement
A tool for identifying prevention strategies to ensure safety, a process that is part of the effort to build a culture of safety and move beyond the culture of blame.
Root Cause Analysis
Unexpected occurrences involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk therof
Sentinel Events
Based on legal allowances in each state, according to and delineated by individual state nurse practice acts.
Scope of Practice
Delineated by the American Nurses Association as authoritative statements by which to measure quality of practice, service, or education.
Standards of Advance Practice
Refers to interventions that are unlikely to produce any significant benefit for the patient. “Does the intervention have any reasonable prospect of helping this patient?”
Medical Futility
A state in which a patient is able to make personal decisions about his/her care
Competence
A state indicating that a patient has received adequate instruction or information regarding aspects of care to make a prudent, personal choice regarding such treatment.
Informed consent
The duty to do no harm
Nonmaleficence
The right act is the one that produces the greatest good for the greatest number
Utilitarianism
The duty to prevent harm and promote good
Beneficence
The duty to be fair
Justice
The duty to be faithful
Fidelity
The duty to be truthful
Veracity
The duty to respect an individual’s thoughts and actions
Autonomy
What are the four distinct roles for the nurse practitioner?
Clinician
Consultant/collaborator
Educator
Researcher
Study that examines a population with a very similar attribute but differ in one specific variable designed to find relationships between variables at specific point in time; “surveys”
Cross-sectional
Research study that compares a particular outcome in groups of individuals whoa re alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic
Cohort study
Study that involves taking multiple measures of a group/population over an extended period of time to find relationships between variables.
Longitudinal studies
An interval, with limits at either end, with a specified probability of including the parameter being estimated.
Confidence interval
Indicates the average amount of deviation of values from the mean
Standard deviation
The probability level of which the results of statistical analyses are judged to indicate a statistically significant difference between groups.
Level of significance
The consistency of a measurement, or the degree tow hich an instrument measures the same way over time with the same subjects
Reliability
The legal responsibility that a nurse practitioner has for actions that fail to meet the standard of care, resulting in actual or potential harm to a patient
Liability
Failure of an individual to do what a reasonable person would do, resulting in injury to the patient.
Negligence
Failure of a professional to render services with the degree of care, diligence, and precaution that another member of the same profession under similar circumstances would render to prevent injury to someone.
Malpractice
An intentional act by one person that creates an apprehension in another of an imminent harmful or offensive contact
Assault
An illegal, willful, angry, violent, or negligent striking of a person, his clothes, or anything with which he is in contact
Battery
A communication that causes someone to suffer a damage reputation
Defamation
What protects health care providers from law suits who aid at the scene of an accident and render reasonable emergency care within the NP’s scope of practice.
Good Samaritan Statutes
True positives; the degree to which those who have a disease screen/test positive
Sensitivity
True negatives; the degree to which those who do not have a disease screen/test negative
Specificity
The frequency with which a disease or disorder appears
Incidence
The proportion of a population that is affected by a disease/disorder
Prevalence
Includes measures to promote health prior to the onset of any recognizable problems
Primary prevention
Example of primary prevention:
healthy diet, exercising
Focuses on early identification and treatment of existing problems
Secondary prevention
Examples of secondary prevention
Pap smear screening, prostate CA screening
Includes rehabilitation and RESTORATION of health (cardiac rehab s/p MI)
Tertiary prevention
Hispanics believe the mother or grandmother, especially from the husband, is the primary decision maker
True
Balance of ___/____ is essential for Hispanic culture
Hot/Cold
Illness is treated with the_____ type of medicine in the Hispanic culture
Opposite
i.e. hot for cold, and cold for hot
In the Asian culture, eye contact may be a sign of ______
disrespect
Japanese females may be opposed to talking to medical providers of the _______ sex
opposite
What culture believes health is a result of forces that rule the world, Yin (cold) and Yang (hot)
Chinese
Cold illnesses (diarrhea) are treated with ___ herbs and food [Chinese]
hot
Generally viewed as intolerant to pain while other cultures accept pain as part of life
Caucasians
