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PNP Certification Exam > Issues, Trends, and Health Policy > Flashcards

Issues, Trends, and Health Policy Flashcards

1
Q

The degree to which health care professionals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health care information and services necessary to make appropriate health care decisions.

A

Health literacy

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2
Q

What is the average adult reading level in America?

A

8th grade

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3
Q

Medical/health information literature should be written at no higher of a grade level than __ to __ grade

A

6th to 8th grade reading level

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4
Q

How consumers use health care resources and services and how patients interact with healthcare providers

A

Resource utilizaiton

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5
Q

What uses EMR technology to 1) improve quality/efficiency/safety, 2) reduce healthcare disparities, 3) engage patients and family members in course of care, 4) improve care coordination, and 5) maintain privacy and safety of PHI

A

Meaningful use

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6
Q

A management process of monitoring, evaluating, continuously reviewing, and improving both the quality of health care delivery and the health status of target populations.

A

Quality Improvement

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7
Q

An initiative aimed at providing future nurses with knowledge, skills, and attitude necessary to ensure continuous improvement in quality and safety of their respective healthcare systems.

A

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) Initiative

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8
Q

What is the most common screening tool for depression?

A

Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

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9
Q

What is a self-administered screening tool that identifies whether a complete assessment for anxiety is indicated.

A

Generalized Anxiety Disorder -7

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10
Q

What is the self-report questionnaire designed to quickly assess wheter and alcohol or drug assessment is needed/

A

CAGE-AID

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11
Q

If there are more than ___ “yes” answers to CAGE-AID, this warrants a formal evaluation

A

2

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12
Q

Term that refers to treatments that are used along with, or in place of, conventional medicine

A

Alternative/complementary therapies

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13
Q

What type of medicine brings conventional and complementary approaches together in a coordinated way.

A

Integrative medicine

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14
Q

Specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information knowledge, and wisdom in nursing.

A

Nursing informatics

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15
Q

Comparison and measurement of a healthcare organization’s services against other national healthcare organizations.

A

Benchmarking

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16
Q

What are four core principles of Benchmarking?

A

Maintaining quality
Improving customer satisfaction
Improving patient safety
Continuous improvement

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17
Q

The process by which practicing RN systematically access, monitor, and make judgements about the quality of nursing care provided by peers as measured against professional standards of practice.

A

Peer review

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18
Q

Written statement of a patient’s intent regarding medical treatment

A

Advance directive

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19
Q

Type of advance directive that my (or may not) include a living will and/or specifications regarding durable POA in one or two separate documents.

A

Healthcare directive

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20
Q

Written compilation of statements in document format that specifies which life-prolonging measures one does and does not want to be taken if they become incapacitated

A

Living will

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21
Q

Establishes a voluntary reporting system to enhance the data available to assess and resolve patient safety and health care quality issues.

A

The Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act (PSQIA)

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22
Q

This supersedes the right to confidentiality if a patient’s condition may endanger others.

A

Duty to warn

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23
Q

Damaging one’s reputation as a result of information being shared without the patient’s permission.

A

Invasion of privacy

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24
Q

What are the 2 goals of Healthy People 2020

A

Increase quality and years of healthy life

Eliminate health disparities among Americans

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25
Q

Require practitioners to report specific health-related information

A

Reporting statutes

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26
Q

T/F: NP’s are not legally required to report most cases of domestic violence

A

True

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27
Q

Who sets the standards for reimbursement and cutting costs?

A

Medicare

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28
Q

This type of Medicare provides limited prescription drug coverage with a monthly premium and copay

A

Medicare D

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29
Q

This type of Medicare covers physician services, outpatient hospital services, laboratory and diagnostic procedures, medical equipment, and some home health-services

A

Medicare B

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30
Q

What percent do NPs receive of physician reimbursment for services provided in collaboration with a physician

A

85%

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31
Q

Medicare pays __% of the patients bill for physician services and the patient pays __%

A

80/20

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32
Q

This type of Medicare is known as Medicare Advantage.

A

Medicare C. (A+B+C)

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33
Q

Federally supported, state administered program for low-income families and individuals. Benefits vary from state to state.

A

Medicaid

34
Q

Involves a comprehensive and systematic approach to provided quality care with the purpose to mobilize, monitor and control resources

A

Case Management

35
Q

A management process of monitoring, evaluating, continuous review, and improving the quality in providing health care.

A

Quality Assurance/Quality Improvement/Continuous Process Improvement

36
Q

A tool for identifying prevention strategies to ensure safety, a process that is part of the effort to build a culture of safety and move beyond the culture of blame.

A

Root Cause Analysis

37
Q

Unexpected occurrences involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk therof

A

Sentinel Events

38
Q

Based on legal allowances in each state, according to and delineated by individual state nurse practice acts.

A

Scope of Practice

39
Q

Delineated by the American Nurses Association as authoritative statements by which to measure quality of practice, service, or education.

A

Standards of Advance Practice

40
Q

Refers to interventions that are unlikely to produce any significant benefit for the patient. “Does the intervention have any reasonable prospect of helping this patient?”

A

Medical Futility

41
Q

A state in which a patient is able to make personal decisions about his/her care

A

Competence

42
Q

A state indicating that a patient has received adequate instruction or information regarding aspects of care to make a prudent, personal choice regarding such treatment.

A

Informed consent

43
Q

The duty to do no harm

A

Nonmaleficence

44
Q

The right act is the one that produces the greatest good for the greatest number

A

Utilitarianism

45
Q

The duty to prevent harm and promote good

A

Beneficence

46
Q

The duty to be fair

A

Justice

47
Q

The duty to be faithful

A

Fidelity

48
Q

The duty to be truthful

A

Veracity

49
Q

The duty to respect an individual’s thoughts and actions

A

Autonomy

50
Q

What are the four distinct roles for the nurse practitioner?

A

Clinician
Consultant/collaborator
Educator
Researcher

51
Q

Study that examines a population with a very similar attribute but differ in one specific variable designed to find relationships between variables at specific point in time; “surveys”

A

Cross-sectional

52
Q

Research study that compares a particular outcome in groups of individuals whoa re alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic

A

Cohort study

53
Q

Study that involves taking multiple measures of a group/population over an extended period of time to find relationships between variables.

A

Longitudinal studies

54
Q

An interval, with limits at either end, with a specified probability of including the parameter being estimated.

A

Confidence interval

55
Q

Indicates the average amount of deviation of values from the mean

A

Standard deviation

56
Q

The probability level of which the results of statistical analyses are judged to indicate a statistically significant difference between groups.

A

Level of significance

57
Q

The consistency of a measurement, or the degree tow hich an instrument measures the same way over time with the same subjects

A

Reliability

58
Q

The legal responsibility that a nurse practitioner has for actions that fail to meet the standard of care, resulting in actual or potential harm to a patient

A

Liability

59
Q

Failure of an individual to do what a reasonable person would do, resulting in injury to the patient.

A

Negligence

60
Q

Failure of a professional to render services with the degree of care, diligence, and precaution that another member of the same profession under similar circumstances would render to prevent injury to someone.

A

Malpractice

61
Q

An intentional act by one person that creates an apprehension in another of an imminent harmful or offensive contact

A

Assault

62
Q

An illegal, willful, angry, violent, or negligent striking of a person, his clothes, or anything with which he is in contact

A

Battery

63
Q

A communication that causes someone to suffer a damage reputation

A

Defamation

64
Q

What protects health care providers from law suits who aid at the scene of an accident and render reasonable emergency care within the NP’s scope of practice.

A

Good Samaritan Statutes

65
Q

True positives; the degree to which those who have a disease screen/test positive

A

Sensitivity

66
Q

True negatives; the degree to which those who do not have a disease screen/test negative

A

Specificity

67
Q

The frequency with which a disease or disorder appears

A

Incidence

68
Q

The proportion of a population that is affected by a disease/disorder

A

Prevalence

69
Q

Includes measures to promote health prior to the onset of any recognizable problems

A

Primary prevention

70
Q

Example of primary prevention:

A

healthy diet, exercising

71
Q

Focuses on early identification and treatment of existing problems

A

Secondary prevention

72
Q

Examples of secondary prevention

A

Pap smear screening, prostate CA screening

73
Q

Includes rehabilitation and RESTORATION of health (cardiac rehab s/p MI)

A

Tertiary prevention

74
Q

Hispanics believe the mother or grandmother, especially from the husband, is the primary decision maker

A

True

75
Q

Balance of ___/____ is essential for Hispanic culture

A

Hot/Cold

76
Q

Illness is treated with the_____ type of medicine in the Hispanic culture

A

Opposite

i.e. hot for cold, and cold for hot

77
Q

In the Asian culture, eye contact may be a sign of ______

A

disrespect

78
Q

Japanese females may be opposed to talking to medical providers of the _______ sex

A

opposite

79
Q

What culture believes health is a result of forces that rule the world, Yin (cold) and Yang (hot)

A

Chinese

80
Q

Cold illnesses (diarrhea) are treated with ___ herbs and food [Chinese]

A

hot

81
Q

Generally viewed as intolerant to pain while other cultures accept pain as part of life

A

Caucasians

PNP Certification Exam (12 decks)

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