Neurological Flashcards
Folic acid deficiency in 1st trimester, faun’s beard and lumbar dimple
spina bifida
defective neural tube with herniation of meninges through the defect
meningocele
herniation of meninges and defective spinal cord through the defect
meningomyelocele
cerebellar tonsil herniation associated with syringomyelia
Arnold-Chiari malformaiton 1
cerebellar vermis herniation associated with hydrocephalus
Arnold-Chiari malformaiton 2
cystic dilation of 4th ventricle and non-communicating hydrocephalus
Dandy Walker syndrome
torn meningeal artery, head trauma in young adults
epidural hematoma
torn bridging vein, head trauma in the elderly
subdural hematoma
ruptured berry aneurysm in 30-40 year old adults
subarachnoid hemorrhage
ruptured or occluded cerebral artery seen in older people
cerebrovascular accident
bacterial or viral infection of the meninges
meningitis
prion-related disease spread by eating the brains of dead relatives
Kuru
transplacental spread with notches incisors, blindness and deafness
congenital syphyilis
damage due to endarteritis obliterans of arteries to CNS and CVS
tertiary syphyilis
neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques and Hirano bodies
Alzheimer’s disease
deficient dopamine, Lewy bodies, tremors at rest, festinating gait
Parkinson’s
autosomal dominant chromosome 4 defect causing chorea, dementia
Huntington’s disease
destruction of the lateral columns and ventral horns of the spinal cord
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
autoimmune destruction around the brain ventricles and spinal cord
multiple sclerosis
damage to dorsal and lateral columns of the spinal cord, vitamin B12 def
posterolateral sclerosis
m/c primary malignant brain tumor, worse prognosis
glioblastoma multiforme
benign tumor arising from the arachnoid cells of the dura
meningioma
may be part of type 2 neurofibromatosis, deafness and facial palsy
acoustic neuroma
metastatic brain tumor sources
breast, renal, enteric, airway, skin and tumors elsewhere
microcephaly, indistinct philtrum and maxillary hypoplasia
fetal alcohol poisoning
anemia, basophilic stippling, constipation, difficult behavior, emesis
lead poisoning
cherry red skin and headaches after inhalation of carbon monoxide
carbon monoxide poisoning
mercury poisoning due to eating fish with excess mercury
minamata disease
traction injury of C5 and C6 spinal nerve roots, waiter’s tip
Erb-Duchene’s palsy
traction injury of C8 and T1 spinal nerve roots, claw hand
Klumpke’s palsy
neuropraxia of median nerve, paresthesia in radial 3 and 1/2 digits
carpal tunnel syndrome
neuropraxia of median nerve between the heads of pronator teres
pronator teres syndrome
neuropraxia of ulnar nerve behind the medial humeral epicondyle
elbow tunnel syndrome
neuropraxia of the superficial radial nerve at the wrist
cheiralgia paresthetica
neuropraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
meralgia paresthetica
neuropraxia of the saphenous nerve at the knee
gonalgia paresthetica
neuropraxia of the tibial nerve behind the medial malleolus
tarsal tunnel syndrome
anterograde destruction of axon and sheath
Wallerian degen
lead poisoning, aka
plumbism
glove and stocking paresthesia
DM
loves cool areas like skin and peripheral nerves
mycobacterium leprae
infectious ascending demylelinating polyneuropathy
Guillian-Barre synd
type 1 Complex Regional Pain Synd
Sudecks atropy
type 2 Complex Regional Pain Synd
causalgia
multiple neurofibromas in skin, spinal cord, and brain with cafe au lait skin lesions
Von Recklinhausen’s disease
progressive spinocerebellar tract damage, ataxia, scoliosis, speech, and heart problems
Friedreich’s ataxia
