Endocrine Flashcards
excessive generalized bone and tissue growth before 18 years
gigantism
overgrowth of tissue and bone after the age of 18 years
acromegaly
protruding/lantern jaw, large spade-like hands, visual disturbance
acromegaly
excess ACTH due to functioning pituitary adenoma
Cushing disease
moon-face, buffalo hump, obesity and purple striae on the abdomen
Cushing disease
growth hormone deficiency in children
pituitary dwarfism
ischemic necrosis of pituitary gland after pospartum hemorrhange
Sheehan’s syndrome
Amenorrhea, no lactation and loss of axillary hair after delivery
Sheehan’s syndrome
amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and infertility
prolactinoma
polyuria, polydypsia but no polyphagia after head injury
diabetes insipidus
low thyroid levels in infancy with mental retardation
cretinism
low thyroid levels in adult, slow to relax reflexes and old interolerance
hypothyroidism
commonest cause of hypothyroidism in US
Hashimoto’s disease
polyuria, constant urinary specific gravity in spite of dehydration
diabetes insipidus
high TSH, low T3 and T4
primary hypothyroidism
low TSH, low T3 and T4
secondary hypothyroidism
anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, goiter and hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s disease
bulging eyes, heat intolerance, increase appetite but weight loss
hyperthyroidism
hyperthyroidism with TSH antibodies
Grave’s disease
hyperthryoidism with multiple nodular goiter
Plummer’s disease
high TSH with elevated T3 and T4
secondary hyperthyroidism
Low TSH with raised T3 and T4
primary hyperthyroidism
fatigue, brown bone cysts and hypercalcemia
hyperparathyroidism
tetany, muscle spasm and a positive Chvosteck sign
hypoparathyroidism
tapping the facial nerve in front of the ear causes the face to twitch
Chvosteck test
hyperpigmented skin creases, low BP, low NA and high K
Addison’s disease
Low K, low rennin, high BP and metabolic alkalosis
Conn’s disease
moon face, truncal obesity, purple abdominal striae
Cushing’s syndrome
most common adrenal tumor in children
neuroblastoma
10% tumor, palpitations, sweating, headaches, hypertension
pheochromocytoma
10% are bilateral, malignant, familial and occurs outside the adrenals
10% tumor
polyuria, polydypsia, polyphasia, pruritis
diabetes mellitus
insulin def due to beta cell destruction
DM type 1
insulin insensitivity associated with obesity
DM type 2
Kussmaul’s respiration and ketonuria are seen more in DM type 1
diabetic ketoacidosis
more seen in DM type 2
hyperosmolar non-ketosis
bouts of recurrent diarrhea, cutaneous flushing and wheezing
carcinoid syndrome
bouts of hypoglycemia relieved by eating food
insulinoma
recurrent peptic ulcer disease
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
