Gastrointestinal

Question 1

failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax, regurgitation

Answer 1

achalasia

Question 2

protrusion of part of the stomach into the thorax

Answer 2

hiatal hernia

Question 3

acid regurgitation causing inflammation of lower esophagus

Answer 3

GERD

Question 4

hematemesis caused by dilated esophageal veins in cirrhosis

Answer 4

esophageal varices

Question 5

premalignant change in lower esophagus due to chronic GERD

Answer 5

Barrett’s esophagus

Question 6

most common type of esophageal cancer

Answer 6

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 7

cancer that develops from Barrett’s esophagus

Answer 7

adenocarcinoma

Question 8

linear tear in esophagus after dry heaves (retching)

Answer 8

Mallory-Weiss synd

Question 9

dyspepsia, Helicobacter pylori infection of stomach or duodenum

Answer 9

peptic ulcer disease

Question 10

male infant (6-8 wks) with projectile vomiting

Answer 10

congenital pyloric stenosis

Question 11

predisposes to pernicious anemia ad gastric carcinoma

Answer 11

atrophic gastritis

Question 12

unexplained weight loss and mass in left supraclavicular fossa

Answer 12

gastric carcinoma

Question 13

mass in Left supraclavicular fossa

Answer 13

Virchow’s node

Question 14

Virchow’s node and intra-abdominal cancer

Answer 14

Troisier’s sign

Question 15

Cobblestone ileum, diarrhea, skip lesions, non-caseous granulomas

Answer 15

Crohn’s disease

Question 16

remnant of the vitelline duct found in 2% of the population

Answer 16

Meckel’s diverticulum

Question 17

malabsorption due to gluten sensitivity

Answer 17

Celiac disease

Question 18

fat, foul-smelling floating stool seen in malabsorption sydnrome

Answer 18

steatorrhea

Question 19

steatorrhea and arthritis

Answer 19

Whipple’s disease

Question 20

right iliac fossa pain with tenderness at McBurney’s point

Answer 20

appendicitis

Question 21

left iliac fossa pain and blood in the stool in an older patient

Answer 21

diverticulitis

Question 22

telescloping of proximal bowel into a distal segment

Answer 22

intussusception

Question 23

loss of ganglia in the distal colon in a child with constipation

Answer 23

Hirschsprung’s disease

Question 24

bloody diarrhea and left-sided abdominal pain in young female

Answer 24

ulcerative colitis

Question 25

twisting of a part of the bowel on itself-more commonly sigmoid

Answer 25

volvulus

Question 26

oral pigmentation, multiple intestinal polyps

Answer 26

Peutz-Jegher syndrome

Question 27

recurrent abdominal pain relieved by defecation

Answer 27

irritable bowel syndrome

Question 28

inflammation of liver caused by a water-borne viral infection

Answer 28

Hepatitis A

Question 29

liver damaged by blood-borne or sexually transmitted virus

Answer 29

Hepatitis B or C

Question 30

type of liver cancer associated with Hepatitis B or C virus

Answer 30

hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 31

chronic liver damage with fibrosis and regeneration nodules

Answer 31

cirrhosis

Question 32

ascites, gynecomastia and caput medusae

Answer 32

portal hypertension

Question 33

liver and brain damage following use of aspirin in febrile child

Answer 33

Reye’s syndrome

Question 34

right upper quadrant pain in a fair, fat, female in her 40’s

Answer 34

cholecystitis

Question 35

precentage of gallstones that are radiopaque

Answer 35

15% gallstone rule

Question 36

% of patients with gallstones that are asymptomatic

Answer 36

85% gallstone rule

Question 37

95% of patients with cholecystitis have gallstones

Answer 37

95% gallbadder rule

Question 38

severe abdominal pain fallowing an alcohol binge

Answer 38

pancreatitis

Question 39

bluish discoloration in the flanks

Answer 39

Grey Turner’s sign

Question 40

bluish discoloration around the umbilicus

Answer 40

Cullen’s sign

Question 41

Painless jaundice, clay-colored stool and weight loss

Answer 41

cancer of the pancreas head