Neurologic System Abnormalities

Question 1

Flaccidity

Answer 1

decreased muscle tone or hypotonia, muscle weak, limp, soft

Question 2

Spasticity

Answer 2

increased tone, increased resistance to passive lengthening

Question 3

Rigidity (Cogwheel)

Answer 3

constant state of resistance, resists passive movement in any direction

Question 4

Paralysis

Answer 4

decreased or loss of motor power due to problem with motor nerve or muscle fibers

Question 5

Tic

Answer 5

repetitive twitching of a muscle at inappropriate times

Question 6

Tremor

Answer 6

involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups, results in rhythmic, back and forth movement of one or more joints

Question 7

Cerebral Palsy

Answer 7

mixed group of paralytic neuromotor disorders of infancy and childhood; due to damage to cerebral cortex caused by a developmental defect, intrauterine meningitis or encephalitis, birth trauma, etc.

Question 8

Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 8

chronic progressive wasting of skeletal musculature which

produces weakness, contractures, severe cases - respiratory dysfunction and death

Question 9

Parkinsonism

Answer 9

defect of extrapyramidal tracts in the region of the basal ganglia, with loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine; classic triad of symptoms - tremor, rigidity, akinesia - slow monotonous speech, flat expressionless facial expression, excessive salivation, decreased eye blinking, equilibrium impaired

Question 10

Paraplegia

Answer 10

spinal cord injury, resulting in no movement or reflex activity below the level of the lesion, eventually spasms develop

Question 11

Decorticate Rigidity

Answer 11

Flexion of arms, wrists and fingers; adduction of arm towards the core. Extension, internal rotation, plantar flexion of lower extremitiesStiff, extension, adduction, internal rotation of upper extremities with palms pronated. Lower extremities - stiff, extended, plantar flexion. Teeth clenched, hyperextended back

Question 12

Decerebrate Rigidity

Answer 12

Stiff, extension, adduction, internal rotation of upper extremities with palms pronated.
Lower extremities - stiff, extended, plantar flexion.
Teeth clenched, hyperextended back

Question 13

Pathologic Reflexes include

Answer 13

Babinski
Kernig
Brudzinski

Question 14

Babinski

Answer 14

Corticospinal injury

Question 15

Kernig

Answer 15

Sign of meningitis

Question 16

Brudzinski

Answer 16

Sign of meningitis

Question 17

syncope

Answer 17

sudden loss of strength, a temporary loss of consciousness caused by lack of cerebral blood flow.

Question 18

paresis

Answer 18

partial or incomplete paralysis

Question 19

dysmetria

Answer 19

the inability to control the distance, power and speed of a muscular action

Question 20

paresthesia

Answer 20

abnormal sensation eg. burning, tingling

Question 21

dysarthria

Answer 21

difficulting forming words

Question 22

dysphasia

Answer 22

difficulty with language comprehension or expression

Question 23

anosmia

Answer 23

decrease or loss of smell occurs bilaterally with tobacco smoking, allergic rhinitis and cocaine use

Question 24

increasing intracranial pressure causes

Answer 24

a sudden, unilateral, dilated and nonreactive pupil

Question 25

dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 25

slow, clumsy and sloppy response

Question 26

past-pointing

Answer 26

constant deviation to one side

Question 27

ataxia

Answer 27

uncoordinated or unsteady gait

Question 28

hyperalgesia

Answer 28

increased pain sensation

Question 29

hypoalgesia

Answer 29

decreased pain sensation

Question 30

analgesia

Answer 30

absent pain sensation

Question 31

hypoesthesia

Answer 31

decreased touch sensation

Question 32

anesthesia

Answer 32

absent touch sensation

Question 33

hyperesthesia

Answer 33

increased touch sensation