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NURS 307 > Abnormalities: Skin, Hair and Nails > Flashcards

Abnormalities: Skin, Hair and Nails Flashcards

1
Q

zosteriform

A

linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve route

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2
Q

gyrate

A

twisted, coiled spiral, snake-like

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3
Q

annular

A

or circular, begins in center and spreads to periphery

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4
Q

confluent

A

lesions run together ex) hives

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5
Q

discrete

A

distinct individual lesions that remain separate ex) acne

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6
Q

polycyclic

A

annular lesions grow together

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7
Q

target

A

or iris, resemble iris of eye, concentric rings of color in lesions

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8
Q

grouped

A

clusters of lesions

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9
Q

impetigo

A

highly infectious bacterial infection of the skin. can spread to other body areas and other people by direct contact.

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10
Q

Describe the appearance of Impetigo

A
  • moist, thin-roofed vesicles with thin, erythematous base.

- rupture to form thick, honey-colored crusts.

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11
Q

Describe the appearance of Varicella (Chicken Pox)

A
  • small, tight vesicles first appear on trunk and spread to face, arms, and legs.
  • shiny vesicles on erythematous base are commonly described as the dewdrop on a rose petal.
  • vesicles erupt in succeeding crops over several days; they become pustules and then crusts.
  • intensely pruritic.
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12
Q

Describe the appearance of Tinea Corporis

A
  • scales: hyperpigmented in whites, depigmented in dark skinned people
  • on chest, abdomen, back of arms forming multiple circular lesions with clear centers
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13
Q

Tinea Pedis

A
  • “athletes foot”
  • a fungal infection found in chronically warm, moist feet (i.e children after gym activities, athletes, aging adults who cannot dry their feet well)
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14
Q

Describe the appearance of Tinea Pedis

A
  • first appears as small vesicles between toes, on sides of feet and on soles
  • grows scaly and hard.
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15
Q

Tinea Capitis

A

(scalp ringworm)
caused by fungal infection, highly contagious; may be transmitted from one person to another, by domestic animals or soil.

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16
Q

Describe the appearance of Tinea Capitis

A
  • rounded, patchy hair loss on scalp, leaving broken-off hairs, pustules and scales on skin.
  • lesions may be fluorescent blue-green under Wood’s light
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17
Q

Folliculitis

A

“razor bumps”

  • superficial inflammatory infection of hair follicles that occurs after shaving (when growing out hairs curl in on themselves and pierce the skin, making a foreign body inflammatory reaction).
  • usually involves face and neck and is common in black men, hispanic men.
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18
Q

Describe the appearance of Folliculitis

A
  • multiple pustules

- “white heads” with hair visible at center and erythematous base.

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19
Q

Hirsutism

A
  • excess body hair in females forming a male sexual pattern (upper lip, face, chest, abdomen, arms, legs)
  • caused by endocrine or metabolic dysfunction or occasionally is idiopathic
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20
Q

Nail clubbing

A
  • inner edge of nail elevates
  • nail bed angle is > 180 degrees
  • distal phalanx looks rounder, wider, and shiny
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21
Q

Describe the appearance of Eczema

A
  • erythematous papules and vesicles, with weeping, oozing and crusts
  • usually on scalp, forehead, cheeks, forearms and wrists, elbows and backs of knees.
  • paroxysmal and severe pruritus
22
Q

Describe the appearance of Intertrigo (Candidiasis)

A
  • scalding red, moist patches with sharply demarcated borders, some loose scales.
  • usually in genital area extending along inguinal and gluteal folds.
  • aggravated by urine, feces, heat and moisture
23
Q

Describe the appearance of an Allergic Drug Reaction

A
  • erythematous and symmetric rash, usually generalized.

- some drugs produces urticarial rash or vesicles, and bullae.

24
Q

Describe the appearance of Psoriasis

A
  • scaly, erythematous patch, with silvery scales on top.

- usually on scalp, outside of elbows and knees, lower back and anogenital area.

25
Q

Describe the appearance of Herpes Zoster/Shingles

A
  • small, grouped vesicles emerge along route of cutaneous sensory nerve, then pustules, and then crusts
  • acute appearance, unilateral does not cross midline.
  • commonly on trunk but can appear anywhere.
26
Q

Herpes Zoster/Shingles

A
  • caused by varicella zoster virus, a reactivation of the dormant virus of chickenpox.
  • if on ophthalmic branch of cranial nerve V, it poses risk to eye.
  • pain is often sever and long lasting in aging adults.
27
Q

2 Types of Melanoma

A
  1. malignant melanoma

2. metastatic melanoma

28
Q

Melanoma

A
  • potentially lethal lesion that are the malignant transformation of melanocytes.
  • risk factors are UV radiation from sun exposure, indoor tanning and family history.
29
Q

Describe the appearance of Melanoma

A
  • usually brown; can be tan, black, pink-red, purple or mixed pigmentation.
  • often irregular or notched borders.
  • may have scaling, flaking and oozing texture.
30
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

A
  • a vascular tumor and is the most common tumor in HIV-infected persons.
  • easily could be mistaken for bruises or nevi and be ignored.
31
Q

Describe the appearance of Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

-multiple patch-stage early lesions are faint, pink on the temp and beard area.

32
Q

Describe the appearance of Seborrheic Dermatitis

A
  • thick, yellow-to-white, greasy adherent scales with mild erythema on scalp and forehead
  • resembles eczema except that cradle cap is distinguished by absence of pruritus.
33
Q

Alopecia Areata

A
  • sudden appearance of a sharply circumscribed, round or oval balding patch.
  • usually with smooth, soft, hairless skin underneath.
34
Q

Pediculosis Capitis

A

(head lice)

  • history includes intense itching of the scalp, especially the occiput.
  • the nits (eggs) of lice are easier to see in the occipital area and around the ears, appearing as 2- to 3-mm oval translucent bodies, adherent to the hair shafts.
35
Q

Describe the appearance of a Stage 1 Decubitus Ulcer

A
  • intact skin appears red but unbroken.
  • localized redness in lightly pigmented skin does not blanch (turn light with fingertip pressure)
  • dark skin appears darker but does not blanch.
36
Q

Describe the appearance of a Stage 2 Decubitus Ulcer

A
  • partial thickness skin erosion with loss of epidermis or also the dermis.
  • superficial ulcer looks shallow like an abrasion or open blister with a red-pink wound bed
37
Q

Describe the appearance of a Stage 3 Decubitus Ulcer

A
  • full-thickness pressure ulcer extending into the subcutaneous tissue and resembling a crater.
  • may see subcutaneous fat but not muscle, bone or tendon.
38
Q

Describe the appearance of a Stage 4 Decubitus Ulcer

A
  • full-thickness pressure ulcer involves all skin layers and extends into supporting tissue.
  • exposes muscle, tendon or bone and may show slough (stringy matter attached to wound bed) or eschar (black or brown necrotic tissue)
39
Q

vitiligo

A

complete absence of melanin pigment in patchy areas of white or light skin

40
Q

xerosis

A

dry

41
Q

seborrhea

A

oily

42
Q

ashen gray color in dark skin or marked pallor in light skin occurs with

A

anemia, shock and arterial insufficiency

43
Q

chronic iron deficiency anemia may show

A

“spoon” nails, with a concave shape

44
Q

jaundice occurs with

A

hepatitis, cirrhosis, sickle cell disease, transfusion reaction and hemolytic disease of the newborn.

45
Q

What often accompanies jaundice in both light and dark skinned people?

A

light or clay-colored stools and dark golden urine

46
Q

In hyperthyroidism, the skin feels

A

smoother, and softer, like velvet

47
Q

In hypothyroidism, the skin feels

A

rough, dry and flaky

48
Q

Arterial Insufficiency causes the skin to be

A

very thin and shiny

49
Q

scleroderma

A

hard skin

50
Q

Pits, transverse grooves or lines may indicate

A

a nutrient deficiency or accompany acute illness that disturbs nail growth

51
Q

brown linear streaks on the nails are

A

abnormal in light skinned people and may indicate melanoma

NURS 307 (29 decks)

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