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NURS 307 > Chapter 22: Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

The musculoskeletal system consists of

A

the body’s bones, joints, cartilage, ligaments tendons and muscle.

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2
Q

The musculoskeletal system is intricately related to

A

The individuals overall sense of independence and well being

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3
Q

What are the functions of the musculoskeletal system?

A 
A. Support/stand erect
B. Movement
C. Protect inner vital organs
D. Hematopoiesis
E. Reservoir for storage of essential minerals (calcium and phosphorus) in the bones
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4
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

production of red blood cells in the bone marrow

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5
Q

Bones

A

Hard, rigid, and very dense.

Bones cells are continuously recycling and remodeling.

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6
Q

Cartilage

A

Specialized connective tissue that cushions the bones and provides for smooth movement.

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7
Q

Joints

A

Place of union between 2 or more bones.

Permit mobility.

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8
Q

Ligaments

A

Fibrous band running from one bone to another that strengthen the joint and prevents movement in undesirable directions.

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9
Q

What are the three types of muscle?

A
  1. Skeletal - muscle under conscious control.
  2. Smooth - involuntary
  3. Cardiac - involuntary
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10
Q

Tendons

A

Attach muscle to bone.

Composed of s strong fibrous cord.

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11
Q

Terminology of Skeletal Muscle

Movements

A
  1. Flexion and Extension
  2. Abduction and Adduction
  3. Pronation and Supination
  4. Circumduction
  5. Inversion and Eversion
  6. Rotation
  7. Elevation and Depression
  8. Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion
  9. Protraction and Retraction
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12
Q

Flexion

A

Bending of limb at a joint

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13
Q

Extension

A

Straightening a limb at a joint to maximally increase its angle

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14
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of a body part away from the body’s midline

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15
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of a body part toward the midline

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16
Q

Pronation

A

Movement of the forearm to place the palm downward

17
Q

Supination

A

Movement of the forearm to place the palm upward

18
Q

Circumspection

A

Moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder

19
Q

Inversion

A

Moving the ankle inward

20
Q

Eversion

A

Movement of the ankle outward

21
Q

Rotation

A

Moving the head around a central axis

22
Q

Elevation

A

Raising a body part

23
Q

Depression

A

Lowering a body part

24
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Movement of the foot upward

25
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

Movement of the foot downward

26
Q

Protraction

A

Moving a body part toward and parallel to the ground, moves away from the vertebral column

27
Q

Retraction

A

Moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground, moves toward vertebral column

28
Q

Transcultural Considerations in relation to the Musculoskeletal System

A

Bone mineral density:

  • females at greatest risk for bone density loss
  • smaller frames and body types (Caucasian, Asian) also at greater risk for bone density loss which then places greater risk for fractures.
29
Q

What information would a nurse gather during a Musculoskeletal History (Subjective data)?

A 
A. Joint pain
B. Joint stiffness
C. Joint swelling, heat, redness
D. Any limitation of movement
E. Muscle pain/cramping
F. Muscle weakness
G. Bone pain
H. Bone deformity, decreased ROM
I. Hx of accidents or trauma, hx of fx(s), sprains, dislocation
J. Functional assessment
K. Self Care Behaviors
30
Q

What information would a nurse gather under the category “functional assessment”?

A

any joint, muscle, bone problems that limit activities of daily living (ADLs).

31
Q

What information would a nurse gather under the category “self care behaviors”?

A

occupational hazards, chronic stress or repetitive motion to joints, heavy lifting

32
Q

What information would a nurse gather during a Physical Exam/Assessment (Objective Data)?

A 
A. Inspection
B. Palpation
C. ROM
D. Muscle testing
E. Temporomandinular Joint
F. Cervical Spine
G. Shoulders
H. Elbow
I. Wrist and Hand
J. Hip
K. Knee
L. Ankle and foot
M. Spine
33
Q

Inspection of the Musculoskeletal system

A

Note the size and contour of the joint.

Note color, swelling, masses or any deformities

34
Q

Palpation of the Musculoskeletal System

A

Palpation joints for temperature, tenderness, heat, bony articulations, swelling of masses

35
Q

ROM include

A

Active or passive

36
Q

Muscle Testing

A

Resistant ROM, note strength by R and L - compare.

37
Q

Assessment of the Wrist and Hand include

A

Phalen’s Test and Tinel’s sign

38
Q

Phalen’s Test

A

Pt to hold hands back to back while flexing the wrist 90 degrees x 60 seconds

39
Q

Tinel’s sign

A

Direct percussion of the median nerve at the wrist

NURS 307 (29 decks)

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