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Spring 2020 - Physiology 1 > Neurohumoral Control of the Heart & Circulation - Quiz 10 > Flashcards

Neurohumoral Control of the Heart & Circulation - Quiz 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Which Sympathetic Nerve Receptor predominantly causes Vasoconstriction?

A

Alpha-1 Receptor

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2
Q

Which Sympathetic Nerve Receptor predominantly causes increased Contractility?

A

Beta-1 Receptor

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3
Q

Which Sympathetic Nerve Receptor inhibits neurotransmitter release?

A

Alpha-2

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4
Q

What does stimulation of the Beta-2 Receptor cause?

A

Bronchodilation

Vasodilation

Uterine Relaxation

Glycogenolysis

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5
Q

What are the precursors to Epinephrine?

A

Tyrosine > Dopamine > Norepi > Epi

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6
Q

What is Dromotropy?

A

Conduction velocity of AV Node

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7
Q

What is Lusitropy?

A

Relaxation of Myocardium

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8
Q

What is the Major differnces bt/ the Sympathetic & Parasympathetic system?

A

Sympathetic: Excitatory Cardiac Effects - Innervates entire heart

Parasympathetic: Vagus Nerve - Inhibitory Cardiac Effects - Innervates Atria & SA/AV Nodes

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9
Q

Which Catecholamine does the Adrenal Gland mostly release w/ Sympathetic Stimulation?

A

Epinephrine - 80%

Norepinephrine - 20%

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10
Q

What is the “Second Messenger” of the Sympathetic Stimulation of heart muscle cell?

A

Cyclic AMP - allows greater Ca++ influx

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11
Q

What happens intracellularly when catecholamines bind to the Beta-Adrenergic Receptor?

A

Activates Adenylyl Cyclase - Converts ATP to cAMP

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12
Q

What happens intracellularly when catecholamines bind to the Alpha-1 Receptor?

A

Activates Phospholipase to increase Ca++ into vessel smooth muscle causing vasoconstriction

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13
Q

What is Renin and how does it work?

A

Enzyme secreted by Kidney

Angiotensinogen > Angiotensin I > (ACE) > Angiotensin II > (Adrenal Cortex) > Aldosterone

Sodium & Fluid Retention = ↑BP & ↑Blood Volume

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14
Q

What is Vasopressin?

A

ADH released by Posterior Pituitary - causes vasocontriction & increases blood volume by renal fluid reabsorption

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15
Q

What does the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide do?

A

Decreases SVR & CVP by decreasing release of Renin

Increases Diuresis

Decreases Blood Volume

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16
Q

What are the Indirect effects of Hypoxia on the Circulatory System?

A

Sympathetic Stimulation to ↑HR, ↑Contractility, & ↑SVR

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17
Q

What is the Baroreceptor Reflex?

A

Receptors located in Cartoid Sinus & Aortic Arch

Senses blood pressure & adjusts HR, Contractility, & SVR accordingly.

18
Q

What surgery does Baroreceptor Reflex activation frequently cause hemodynamic changes?

A

Carotid Endarterectomy

19
Q

What does the Bainbridge Reflex do?

A

Increased Blood Volume = Increased HR

Slow Baseline = Increase HR w/ fluid

Fast Baseline = Decreased HR w/ fluid

20
Q

Where are the Atrial Stretch Receptors Located?

A

Vena Cava - Right Atrial Junction

Pulmonary Vein - Left Atrial Junction

21
Q

What are the effects of Atrial Stretch Reflex that is not part of the Bainbridge Reflex?

A

Increase Urine Output

Decrease BP & Blood Volume

22
Q

What is the Bezold-Jarisch Reflex?

A

Happens when there is a Strong Contraction of underfilled ventricle

causes Bradycrdia & Hypotension

23
Q

What is the CNS Ischemic Response?

A

When Low BP causes low O2 & high CO2 in the Medullary Vasomotor Center resulting in increased HR, Contractility, and MAP

24
Q

What is the Cushing Response?

A

Type of CNS Ischemic Response

Increased ICP d/t increased BP until blow flows are normal in the brain

25
Q

What is Cushing’s Triad?

A

Increased ICP

Hypertension

Bradycardia

26
Q

What is the Diving Reflex?

A

Activates when the face feels cold water and decreases HR & increases Vasoconstriction

27
Q

Where are the Peripheral Chemoreceptors located?

A

Aortic & Cortoid Bodies

28
Q

What do the Peripheral Chemoreceptors do?

A

Respiration Regulation and Increases SVR & MAP

Decreased PaO2 & Increased PCO2 excites vasomotor center d/t decreased BP

Activated when MAP < 80 mmHg

29
Q

What stimulates the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)?

A

Atrial Distention

Sympathethic Stimulation

Angiotensin II

Endothelin

30
Q

What are the Direct effects of Hypoxia on the Circulatory System?

A

Profound Hypoxia causes ↓HR & ↓Contractility

31
Q

What is the Indirect effect of Hypercarbia?

A

Sympathetic stimulation causing ↑HR, ↑Contractility, & ↑SVR

32
Q

What is the Direct effect of Hypercarbia?

A

↓Contractility

33
Q

What is the “Fight or Flight” Response?

A

Mass discharge of Sympathetic Nervous System

↑BP

↑Blood Glucose

↑Strength & ↑Focus

↑Coagulation

↑Metabolism

34
Q

What are the 2 Types of Acetylcholine Receptors?

A

Muscarinic Receptor

&

Nicotinic Receptor - neuromuscular junction

35
Q

How does Neostigmine work?

A

Anti-Cholinersterase

@ Nicotinic Receptor - Reverse muscle relaxant

@Muscarinic - Bradycardia, Bronchospams, Salivation - Give Glycopyrrolate (Robinul)

36
Q

Which part of the Brainstem is the Vasomotor Center located?

A

Medulla

37
Q

Which neurotransmitter is released between the Pre-Ganglionic & Post-Ganglionic Sympathetic fibers?

A

Acetylcholine

38
Q

Which neurotransmitter is released between the Post-Ganglionic Sympathetic fibers & Target Site?

A

Norepinephrine

39
Q

Which neurotransmitter is released between the Pre-Ganglionic Sympathetic Fiber & Adrenal Medulla?

A

Acetylcholine

40
Q

Which Autonomic Nervous System innervates Blood vessels except for capillaries?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

Spring 2020 - Physiology 1 (24 decks)

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