Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Spring 2020 - Physiology 1 > Arterial And Venous System + Body Fluid Compartments - Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Arterial And Venous System + Body Fluid Compartments - Quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What tissues make up the wall of the artery?

A

Endothelium

Elastic Tissue

Smooth Muscle

Fibrous Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 tissue layers in the artery wall?

A

Tunica Externa (Adventitia)

Tunica Media

Tunica Intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the Arteriole Wall tissues?

A

Endothelium & Smooth Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the Vein wall tissues?

A

Endothelium

Elastic Tissue

Smooth Muscle

Fibrous Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Primary function of Arterial System

A

Distribute blood to capillary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do the Arterioles do?

A

Regulate distribution of blood flow to various capillary beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the pressure lowest as blood goes from aorta to RA?

A

Vena Cava - close to zero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

Difference b/t systolic and diastolic BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How to Caculate MAP

A

MAP = [2DBP + SBP] / 3

or

MAP = [CO x SVR] + CVP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Waveform as blood moves away from heart to extremities?

A
  • High frequency components of pulse (incisura) become damped, then disappear
  • Systolic part of wave narrow and elevate
  • Hump appear on diastolic part of wave
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

SBP in the foot vs aorta

A

Higher in the foot d/t gravitational pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is pulsatile flow converted to continuous flow?

A

Hydraulic filter makes flow continuous to minimize workload of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pumping blood thru rigid vessels is ______ work for the heart

A

More

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What factors increase pulse pressure?

A
  • Increased Stroke Volumes
    • ↑Preload, ↑Intropy, ↓HR, ↓Afterload
  • Decreased Aortic Compliance
    • Age, HTN, Ateriosclerosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why do arteries get stiffer with age?

A

Loss of elastic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vein Functions

A

Reservoir - 70% of blood volume

Pumps blood forward for venous return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What regulates CVP

A

Balance of heart to pump blood out the RA and RV to lungs

and

Blood flow back to RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What factors increase CVP

A
  • ↓Cardiac Output
  • ↑TBV
  • ↑Respiratory Activity
  • Venous Contriction
  • Arterial Dilation
  • Gravity - standing to supine
  • Skeletal Muscle Pump - exercise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In a standing position, where are the highest and lowest venous pressures?

A

Lowest: Sagittal Sinus (Head) = -10mmHg

Highest: Feet = 90mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Major risk of sitting position in neurosurgery

A

Air Embolism?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does Respiration effect Venous Return?

A
  • Spontanous Breathing
    • Inspiration increases venous return, vice versa
  • Mechanical Breathing
    • Positive Pressure –> ↑RA pressure –> ↓venous return
  • Valsalva Maneuver
    • ↑Thoracic Pressure –> ↓venous return
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How much TBV is in Venous System?

A

70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where are major blood reservoirs?

A

Spleen

Liver

Large Abdominal Veins

Venous Plexus under Skin

Heart & Lungs (Not part of venous system)

24
Q

What are the stopcocks of the vascular system?

A

Arterioles - they can constrict and dilate as needed

25
What things make capillaries ideal for nutrient & fluid exchange?
Single, thin endothelial layer Large cross section/surface area
26
Do capillary walls have smooth muscle?
No, just endothelial tissue
27
Why can capillaries withstand high intravascular pressure?
Laplace's Law Very thin wall with very small radius can take more pressure
28
Why is the vascular system distensible?
* Accommodate pulsatile heart output * Average out the pressure pulsations * Allows smooth, continous blood flow through small vessels
29
What part of the vasculature is most distensible?
Veins - reservoir for 0.5 to 1 L of extra blood
30
How much more distensible are veins vs arteries?
8x more distensible
31
How do pulmonary arteries compare to systemic arteries?
Pulmonary arteries operate at 1/6 pressure and have 6x greater distensibility.
32
What is vessel capacitance/compliance?
Total amt. of blood that can be stored in a given portion of circulation for each mmHg pressure rise
33
Which type of vessel dampens pulse and distributes blood?
Aorta (25mm)
34
Which vessel type has the function of only distribution?
Large arteries (1-4mm)
35
Which vessel type is responsible for distribution & resistance?
Small Arteries (0.5-1mm)
36
Which vessel type is primary for exchange?
Capillaries (.006-.01mm)
37
Which vessel type has the functions of exchange, collection, and capacitance?
Venules (0.5-5mm)
38
Which vessel has a primary function of collection?
Vena Cava (35mm)
39
What is the Tunica Intima comprised of?
**Thinnest layer** Endothelial cells Intercellular matrix Subendothelial connective tissue _Internal_ elastic lamina
40
What is the Tunica Media comprised of?
Elastic tissue Connective tissue _External_ elastic lamina Smooth Muscle Thicker in Arteries than Veins and has more elastic fibers
41
What is the Tunica Extern (Adventitia) comprised of?
Connective Tissue Nerves External elastic lamina Nutrient capillaries in larger vessels Usually thicker in veins to prevent vessel collapse and damage
42
Veins and Arteries are made up from the same tissues, whats the difference?
Artery has more elastic tissue and smooth muscle
43
How are small arteries and arterioles innervated?
Sympathetic adrenergic nerves - respond to changes in hormones
44
What is transmission of the pressure pulse?
When blood first exits the aorta, the sudden ejection causes a distension that spreads further along the aorta.
45
Windkessel Effect
During cardiac contraction, energy moves forward to capillaries, but some energy is stored as potential energy for the next contraction.
46
The degree of pulse damping is _______ proportional to resistance x compliance
Directly Proportional
47
Compliance is change in _______ divided by change in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Compliance = Δvolume/Δpressure
48
Is CVP a good indicator of Volume Status?
No, body will try to maintain normal CVP despite abmormal volume amounts.
49
What are the 2 major body fluid compartments?
Intracellular: 2/3 or 40% of Total Body Weight Extracellular: 1/3 or 20% of Total Body Weight
50
What % of Total Body Weight is made of water?
~60%
51
How would 1L of 0.9NS distribute to the different fluid compartments?
Increases ECF Only
52
How would 0.5% dextrose distribute to the different fluid compartments?
D5 starts as isotonic, then becomes hypotonic after body absorbs the glucose --\> water will go into cell
53
What parts make up ECF?
Interstitial Fluid: 75% Plasma: 24% RBC: 1%
54
Isotonic
Doesnt shrink or swell cells. Does not upset osmotic equilibrium EX: NS, LR
55
Hypotonic
Lower Solutes Water goes **into** Cells ↑ECF ↑↑↑ICF EX: D5W
56
Hypertonic
Higher amt of Solutes Water goes **out** of Cell ↑ECF ↓ICF EX: D5 1/2NS, D5NS (dont give to infants)
57
Colloid
Albumin is most commonly used Contains human plasma proteins Expands plasma volume

Spring 2020 - Physiology 1 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions