Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Question 1

How are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized?

Answer 1

Characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of:
- Personal
- Social
- Academic
- Occupational functioning

Question 2

What are neurodevelopmental disorders?

Answer 2

A group of conditions with onset in the developmental period

Question 3

What is the range of developmental deficits?

Answer 3

Very specific limitations of learning or control of executive functions to global impairments of social skills or intelligence
Clinical presentation includes symptoms of excess as well as deficits and delays in achieving expected milestones.

Question 4

Neurodevelopmental disorders frequently co-occur with…

Answer 4

Autism spectrum disorders often have intellectual disability; many with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also have a specific learning disorder

Question 5

Communication disorders include…

Answer 5

Language disorder
Speech sound disorder
Social (pragmatic) communication disorder
Childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering)

Question 6

What is language disorder?

Answer 6

Reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, impairments in discourse

Question 7

What is speech sound disorder?

Answer 7

Difficulty with speech sound production causing limits in effective communication.

Question 8

What is social (pragmatic) communication disorder?

Answer 8

Difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication resulting in functional limitations.

Question 9

What is childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering)?

Answer 9

Disturbances in fluency and time patterning of speech (repetitions, prolongations, broken words, blocking)

Question 10

Childhood-onset fluency disorder is characterized by…

Answer 10

disturbances of the normal fluency and motor production of speech, including the repetitive sounds or syllables, prolongation of consonants or vowel sounds, broken words, blocking, or words pronounced with an excess of physical tension.

Question 11

What is developmental coordination disorder?

Answer 11

characterized by deficits in the acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills and is manifested by clumsiness and slowness or inaccuracy of performance of motor skills that cause interference with ADLs.

Question 12

What is stereotypic movement disorder?

Answer 12

diagnosed when an individual has repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behaviors (hand flapping, body rocking, head banging, self-biting, hitting)

Question 13

What are tics?

Answer 13

sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, motor movements or vocalizations

Question 14

What are types of tics?

Answer 14

Tourette’s disorder
Chronic/persistent motor or vocal tic disorder
Provisional tic disorder, other specified tic disorder
Unspecified tic disorder

Question 15

What is tourette’s disorder?

Answer 15

motor and vocal tics persisting for more than 1 year

Question 16

What is chronic/persistent motor or vocal tic disorder?

Answer 16

motor OR vocal tic

Question 17

What is provisional tic disorder?

Answer 17

motor and/or vocal tics present for less than 1 year

Question 18

How are tic disorders diagnosed?

Answer 18

Duration
Presumed etiology
Clinical presentation

Question 19

What is specific learning disorder?

Answer 19

Diagnosed when specific deficits in an individual’s ability to perceive or process information efficiently and accurately.
First manifests in formal schooling.
Characterized by persistent and impairing difficulties with learning foundational academic skills in reading, writing, and/or math.
Academic skill is below average for age or acceptable performance levels is only achieve with extraordinary effort.
Can produce lifelong impairments in activities dependent on the skills, including occupational performance.