Gender Health - Special Topics Flashcards

1
Q

What is gender health?

A

Gender in health looks at the roots of health-seeking behavior. It aims to improve health outcomes for both female and male populations, regardless of age, ethnicity, religion and socioeconomic status.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does psychosocial mean?

A

Of or relating to the interrelation of social factors and individual thought and behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is dysfunction?

A

Abnormality or impairment in the function of a specified bodily organ or system.
Deviation from the norms of social behavior in a way regarded as bad.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Psychosocial health includes what 4 components?

A

Mental Health
Emotional Health
Social Health
Spiritual Health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is mental health?

A

Your beliefs and values in life, as well as how you relate to others and respond to situations in your life, are a reflection of mental health, which overlaps with the other aspect of health we’re going to talk about.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is emotional health?

A

This includes things like anger, love, hate, and happiness. Often times, emotional and mental health overlap a great deal in some situations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is social health?

A

Ability to create and maintain healthy relationships. Social health goes beyond having appropriate emotional health and intelligence. A person with good social health recognizes the importance of social engagement. We’re pack animals after all! We’re not supposed to live alone!
A person with good social health is able to support their friends in a time of need and ask for their help when they need it themselves.
They aren’t biased, prejudiced, racist, or sexist.
Listens to others well, expresses their feelings just as well, and acts in a responsible manner around others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is spiritual health?

A

Belief in a force that gives meaning to life.
For some this is nature, others religion, for some it is a person’s ethics, morals, values, and beliefs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When individuals do not conform to established gender norms, relations or roles, they often face ____– all of which negatively impact health.

A

stigma, discriminatory practices or social exclusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gender norms influence ___ and ___ over resources needed to attain optimal health.

A

access and control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gender norms influence access and control over resources needed to attain optimal health, including:

A
  • economic (income, credit);
  • social (social networks);
  • political (leadership, participation);
  • information and education (health literacy, academic);
  • time (access to health services); and
  • internal (self confidence/esteem).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gender norms, roles, and relations result in differences between men and women in:

A
  • exposure to risk factors or vulnerability;
  • household-level investment in nutrition, care and education;
  • access to and use of health services;
  • experiences in health-care settings; and
  • social impacts of ill-health.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many US adults experience mental illness each year?

A

1 in 5 or 19.1% or 47.6 million people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many US adults experience serious mental illness each year?

A

1 in 25 or 4.6% or 11.4 million people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many US youth aged 6-17 experience a metal health disorder each year?

A

1 in 6 or 16.5% or 7.7 million people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What percent of US adults experienced a co-occuring substance use disorder and mental illness in 2018?

A

3.7% or 9.2 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

___ is the 2nd leading cause of death among people aged 10-34.

A

Suicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many people have anxiety disorders?

A

48 million people or 19.1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many people have major depressive episodes?

A

17.7 million people or 7.2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What percent of US adults with mental illness received treatment in 2018?

A

43.3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What percent of US adults with serious mental illness received treatment in 2018?

A

64.1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

People with depression have a___% higher risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases than the general population. People with serious mental illness are nearly twice as likely to develop these conditions.

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

19.3% of U.S. adults with mental illness also experienced a ___ disorder in 2018 (9.2 million individuals)

A

substance use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Caregivers of adults with mental or emotional health issues spend an average of ___ hours per week providing unpaid care

A

32 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Mental illness and substance use disorders are involved in how many emergency department visits by a U.S. adult (estimated 12 million visits)?

A

1 out of every 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

___ are the most common cause of hospitalization for all people in the U.S. under age 45 (after excluding hospitalization relating to pregnancy and birth)

A

Mood disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

20.1% of people experiencing ___ in the U.S. have a serious mental health condition

A

homelessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

___% of adults incarcerated in the state and federal prison system have a diagnosed mental illness.

A

37%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

___% of youth in the juvenile justice system have a diagnosed mental illness

A

70.4%

30
Q

___% of Veteran’s Health Administration patients have a diagnosed mental illness or substance use disorder.

A

41%

31
Q

Depression and anxiety disorders cost the global economy how much in lost productivity each year?

A

$1 trillion

32
Q

___ is the leading cause of disability worldwide.

A

Depression

33
Q

What is intersectionality?

A

is the study of overlapping or intersecting social identities, and how various biological, social, and cultural categories and other axes of identity interact on multiple and often simultaneous levels

34
Q

Who first published the DSM in 1844 as a statistical classification of institutionalized mental patients?

A

The American Psychiatric Association (APA)

35
Q

The importance of independence in daily activities is heavily based on ___ and is not a universally accepted priority.

A

western cultural norms

36
Q

Culture influences a person’s ability to…

A

cope or adjust to a disabling condition

37
Q

Differing cultural orientations can contribute to the coping methods used when an individual is faced with a…

A

disabling condition

38
Q

___ defines the features of an ideal routine.

A

Culture

39
Q

What is life satisfaction?

A

The subjective component of an individual’s overall quality of life. It includes how satisfied an individual is with their life and may include factors such as family life, engagement in leisure activities, vocational pursuits, self-care, and sexual expression. It reflects the person’s value regarding their level of participation in various life situations.

40
Q

What is quality of life?

A

Quality of life includes life satisfaction along with overall physical and emotional health and functional status. It is different from life satisfaction in that it includes participation in activities.

41
Q

Adaptation to disability and satisfaction with life is related to many factors including

A

Age
Gender
Cause of onset
Developmental stage at onset
Culture
Ethnicity
Religious and familial beliefs
Meaning and value of the abilities lost
Previous life experiences and coping styles
Life stressors, and
Support and response of family and friends

42
Q

Mental health is frequently equated with…

A

high quality of life and life satisfaction

43
Q

The literature suggests that the self-reported absence of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation is deemed evidence of ___.

A

mental health

44
Q

Additionally, the ___ and ___ toward disability of the health care professionals involved in the individual’s care is significant

A

therapeutic competence and attitudes

45
Q

Therapeutic competence and attitudes factors affect…

A

psychosocial adjustment and well-being

46
Q

What is body dysmorphia?

A

a mental health condition where a person spends a lot of time worrying about flaws in their appearance. These flaws are often unnoticeable to others. People of any age can have BDD, but it’s most common in teenagers and young adults. It affects both men and women.

47
Q

What are treatment options for body dysmorphia?

A

Treatment may include counseling and antidepressant medication.

48
Q

What are potential triggers of body dysmorphia?

A

Abuse or bullying.
Low self-esteem.
Fear of being rejected.
Perfectionism or comparing yourself with others.
Genetics.
Depression, anxiety or OCD.

49
Q

What is muscle dysmorphia?

A

Also referred to as Bigorexia, muscle dysmorphia is a subtype of BDD. It is characterized by the preoccupation with the idea that one’s body is not sufficiently lean and muscular

50
Q

Muscle dysmorphia (bigorexia) is most common in what communities?

A

weightlifting and bodybuilding communities

51
Q

What is the prevalence of muscle dysmorphia (bigorexia) in US students?

A

6%

52
Q

What is the prevalence of muscle dysmorphia (bigorexia) in US military men and women?

A

Another study found 4.2% of women and 12.7% of men in the US military have muscle dysmorphia.

53
Q

Females and males appear to have more similarities than differences in terms of clinical features. What are they?

A

Disliked body areas
Types of repetitive behaviors
Symptom severity
Suicidality
Comorbidity
Illness course
Receipt of cosmetic procedures

54
Q

What is hoarding?

A

People with hoarding disorder have persistent difficulty getting rid of or parting with possessions due to a perceived need to save the items. Attempts to part with possessions create considerable distress and lead to decisions to save them. The resulting clutter disrupts the ability to use living spaces.

55
Q

What is the difference between hoarding and collecting?

A

Collectors typically acquire possessions in an organized, intentional, and targeted fashion. Once acquired, the items are removed from normal usage, but are subject to being organizing, admired, and displayed to others.
Acquisition of objects in people who hoard is largely impulsive, with little active planning, and triggered by the sight of an object that could be owned.
Objects acquired by people with hoarding lack a consistent theme, whereas those of collectors are narrowly focused on a particular topic.

56
Q

What is the prevalence of hoarding disorder?

A

The overall prevalence of hoarding disorder is approximately 2.6%, with higher rates for people over 60 years old and people with other psychiatric diagnoses, especially anxiety and depression.
The bulk of evidence suggests that hoarding occurs with equal frequency in men and women.
Hoarding behavior begins relatively early in life and increases in severity with each decade.

57
Q

What are potential consequences of hoarding disorder?

A

Hoarding disorder can cause problems in relationships, social and work activities, and other important areas of functioning.
Potential consequences of serious hoarding include health and safety concerns, such as fire hazards, tripping hazards, and health code violations.
It can also lead to family strain and conflicts, isolation and loneliness, unwillingness to have anyone else enter the home, and an inability to perform daily tasks, such as cooking and bathing in the home.

58
Q

An assessment for hoarding may include questions such as:

A

Do you have trouble parting with possessions (such as discarding, recycling, selling or giving away)?
Because of the clutter or number of possessions, how difficult is it to use the rooms and surfaces in your home?
To what extent does your hoarding, saving, acquisition and clutter affect your daily functioning?
How much do these symptoms interfere with school, work or your social or family life?
How much distress do these symptoms cause you?

59
Q

What are treatment options for hoarding disorder?

A

Treatment can help people with hoarding disorder to decrease their saving, acquisition, and clutter, and live safer, more enjoyable lives.
Randomized controlled trials have established cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for hoarding disorder as an effective treatment. During CBT, individuals gradually learn to discard unnecessary items with less distress—diminishing their exaggerated perceived need or desire to save these possessions.
They also learn to improve skills such as organization, decision-making, and relaxation.

60
Q

What is trichotillomania?

A

also known as trich, is when someone cannot resist the urge to pull out their hair. They may pull out the hair on their head or in other places, such as their eyebrows or eyelashes. Trich is more common in teenagers and young adults.

61
Q

What is excoriation?

A

characterized by the conscious repetitive picking of skin that leads to skin lesions and significant distress or functional impairment.

62
Q

What are common symptom dimensions of obsessive compulsive and related disorders?

A

Cleaning (contamination obsessions and cleaning compulsions)
Symmetry (symmetry obsessions and repeating, ordering and counting compulsions)
Forbidden or taboo thoughts (aggressive, sexual, and religious obsessions and related compulsions)
Harm (fear of harm to oneself or others and related checking compulsions)

63
Q

The presence of a mental health condition or disorder (is/is not) sufficient cause for suicide.

A

is not

64
Q

Messages and images about suicide can:

A

Encourage hope or discourage people from seeking help
Celebrate life or romanticize death
Help people understand that suicide is preventable and mental illnesses are treatable or reinforce inaccurate beliefs that nothing can be done about these problems

65
Q

When speaking about suicide prevention what should you do?

A

Report suicide as a public health issue
Include Resources
Use Appropriate Language
Emphasize Help and Hope
Ask an Expert

66
Q

What should you do if someone you know exhibits warning signs of suicide?

A
  1. Do not leave the person alone
  2. Remove any firearms, alcohol, drugs, or sharp objects that could be used in a suicide attempt
  3. Call the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline by dialing 988
  4. Take the person to an emergency room, or seek help from a medical or mental health professional
67
Q

Suicide and suicidal behaviors are more frequent in…

A

psychiatric patients

68
Q

What conditions increase suicide risk?

A

Depression (all forms)
Personality disorders
Schizophrenia
Alcohol abuse
Organic mental disorder

The most common conditions associated with completed suicide are major depression and alcohol abuse

69
Q

What 2 questions can you ask to screen for suicide risk?

A

Over the past 2 weeks, have you ever felt down, depressed, or hopeless?
Have you felt little interest or pleasure in doing things?

70
Q

What are the general guidelines for screening suicidal ideations?

A

Patient history (mental illness, substance abuse, etc.)
Assess mood, affect, and judgment
Look at risk factors and symptoms of suicide
Interview family member
Refer for services