Chapter 2: History of OT Flashcards
What is moral treatment?
The response to the inhumane treatment of people with mental illness who were living in asylums and in some cases shackled and chained in prison like conditions.
What is humanism?
It is associated with the “conception of man as an autonomous being, capable of self-determination together with the assumption that an individual’s choices can make a real difference to society.
The principles of moral treatment suggest…
The mind and body should be treated together.
An individual’s history and capabilities should be assessed.
The environment or context can be adapted to promote mental health.
Individuals may have special or unique needs to be included in their intervention programs.
Healthy aspects of the individual can be used to treat the less healthy aspects.
Occupations can be used to occupy, distract, or amuse the individual to counter the effects of less productive thinking.
New habits can be developed to replace less desirable ones.
New learning can occur that may provide useful skills in dealing with everyday life.
What was the mental hygiene movement?
20th century – advocacy for mental health reform
Clifford Whittingham Beers (1876–1943) spearheaded the Mental Hygiene Movement after receiving mental health services for his depression and anxiety, taking on the active voice of those with lived experience leading to increase public awareness and promote mental health reform.
What committee was Clifford Beers a founding member of?
Beers was a founding member of the National Committee for Mental Hygiene (later renamed the National Mental Health Association, now Mental Health America), a leading policy and advocacy organization in the United States.
What are benefits of arts and crafts?
The art or craft project provided educational, prevocational, or vocational training, such as developing work habits, responding to supervision, and understanding work demands.
It has meaning, value, and purpose to clients because the projects are useful in everyday life, may be decorative, and are familiar objects in the environment.
Common end products, such as brushes and brooms, required only inexpensive supplies and contributed to the needs of the institutions.
Who were the founders of OT?
NSPOT was founded by Dunton, Johnson, Barton, Slagle, Kidner, and Newton. Tracy was invited but was unable to attend the meeting.
Who was William Rush Dutton Jr?
Sheppard asylum
First published arts and crafts activities for therapeutic purposes
Who was Eleanor Clarke Slagle?
Focused on curative occupations & habit training at Hull House with Meyer
The purpose of habit training is to “establish a well-balanced day in which work, games, and recreation play such an important part that gradually the substitution of a new interest in life will crowd out many fixed ideas and will establish a normal attitude of mind.”
Who was Susan Edith Tracy?
Developed assessment techniques based on observation of performance (analysis of crafts and performance-based testing influential in dev. of early educational programs)
Mental and motor functions: learning, memory, perceptual, and perceptual motor tasks
Performance-based testing
Early education programs
What is the PEO model?
The Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO) model is but one of several occupation-focused models that arose out of a need to reclaim occupational therapy’s heritage.
OTPs in the acute setting are involved in…
OTPs in these acute settings are involved in assessment to facilitate discharge planning and often work with patients on problem-solving current challenges.
OTPs in the community case management setting are involved in..
In community case management, OTs can work with clients in their real-life environments such as their home, neighborhood, and workplace. Individuals who are eligible for case management typically have significant life skill needs.
OTPs in the forensic settings are involved in…
In forensic settings, OTPs provide training for life skills that are important for transition back to the community.
For security reasons, there are significant restrictions on access to materials (e.g., tools and devices that could be used as weapons) and access to the community for clients in forensic settings.
OTPs in the transitional housing setting are involved in…
Homeless shelters that provide long-term services intended to promote housing stability are known as transitional housing. In transitional housing occupational therapy practitioners can play a central role in life skills training.
