Bipolar and Related Disorders Flashcards
Give examples of bipolar and related disorders.
Bipolar I and II disorder
Cyclothymic disorder
Substance/medication induced bipolar and related disorder.
Bipolar and related disorder due to another medical condition
Other specified
What is bipolar I disorder?
Represents the classic manic-depressive disorder (affective psychosis)
Manic episode:
Must meet criteria for at least 1 manic episode.
Mean age at onset: approximately 18 years.
Females are more likely to experience rapid cycling and mixed states, and to have patterns of comorbidity that differ from those of males.
Females with bipolar I and II more likely to experience depressive symptoms than males; also have higher lifetime risk of alcohol use disorder than males.
Lifetime suicide risk of suicide in individuals in individuals with bipolar disorder is estimated at least 15x higher than the general population.
What is bipolar II disorder?
Requires at least one episode of major depression and at least one hypomanic episode.
Can begin in late adolescence and through adulthood; average onset is the mid-20s.
Approximately 5% -15% of individuals with bipolar II disorder have multiple (4 or more) mood episodes within the previous 12 months.
The risk for bipolar II disorder tends to be highest among relatives of individuals with bipolar II disorder; may be genetic factors influencing the age at onset.
A rapid cycling pattern is associated with a poorer prognosis; return to previous level of function (PLOF) more likely for individuals of younger age and with less severe depression.
Suicide risk high in bipolar II disorder; approximately 1/3 of individuals with bipolar II disorder report a lifetime history of suicide attempt.
What is cyclothymic disorder?
Diagnosis given to adults who experience at least 2 years of hypomanic and depressive periods without fulfilling the criteria for mania, hypomania, or major depression.
Essential feature is chronic, fluctuating mood disturbance involving numerous distinct periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms.
Diagnosis is made only if depressive, manic, or hypomanic episode have never been met.
Equal in males and females; females more likely to present for treatment.
Usually begins in adolescence or early adult life and is sometimes considered to reflect a temperamental predisposition to other disorders.
What is mania?
Mania is a mood state characterized by period of at least one week where an elevated, expansive, or unusually irritable mood exists. A person experiencing a manic episode is usually engaged in significant goal-directed activity beyond their normal activities. People describe a manic mood as feeling very euphoric, “on top of the world,” and being able to do or accomplish anything.
What is mania-like phenomena?
Can be associated with substance abuse, prescribed medications, and medical conditions.
What is a manic episode?
A distinct period during which there is an abnormally, persistently, elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and persistently increased activity or energy that is present for most of the day, nearly every day, for at least 1 week, accompanied by at least three symptoms:
- Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity.
- Decreased need for sleep.
- More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking.
- Flight of ideas.
- Distractibility.
- Increase in goal-oriented activity.
Excessive involvement in activities that have high potential for painful consequences.
Mood disturbance is sufficiently severe to cause impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others.
Episode is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or to another medical condition.
At least 1 manic episode is required for the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder.
What are hypomanic episodes?
Associated with an unequivocal change in functioning that is uncharacteristic of the individual when not symptomatic.
Disturbance in mood and the change in functioning are observable by others.
Episode is not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization.
Episode in not attributable to the physiological effects of substance
Same symptoms as mania
