Chapter 5: EBP in MH

Question 1

What is evidence based medicine?

Answer 1

Evidence based medicine is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.

Question 2

Clinical decisions in EBP consider:

Answer 2

Therapist’s experience.
Client’s values and preferences.
Available research.

Question 3

Steps of using research in practice.

Answer 3

Step 1: Identifying a problem.
Step 2: Identifying the relevant evidence.
Step 3: Evaluate the evidence.
Step. 4: Implement this information into practice.
Step 5: The outcomes of the implementation should be evaluated.

Question 4

What are 5 types of research evidence?

Answer 4

1. Descriptive
2. Predictive
3. Efficacy
4. Assessment
5. Qualitative

Question 5

What is descriptive research evidence?

Answer 5

Provide information about psychiatric conditions, practice settings, and the practitioners who work in mental health.
Use observational methods to depict situations and conditions as they exist.
Survey research is a common method used for collecting data in some but not all descriptive studies.

Question 6

What is predictive research evidence?

Answer 6

Nonexperimental with at least two variables are measured to determine if they are related.
Correlational study designs provide information about the relationship between the variables.

Question 7

What is efficacy research evidence?

Answer 7

Provides information about the usefulness of a particular intervention.

Question 8

Describe the hierarchy of efficacy studies.

Answer 8

1. Systematic reviews of RCTs
2. RCTs
3. Nonrandomized control trials
4. Single group with pretest and posttest
5. Case studies

Question 9

What is assessment research evidence?

Answer 9

Examines the reliability and validity of tests as well as their usefulness in practice and research. Assessment studies can help OTPs identify the most appropriate tests for a specific practice situation.

Question 10

What is discriminant validity evidence?

Answer 10

The measure can accurately discriminate between different types of people.

Question 11

What is predictive validity?

Answer 11

Determines how well a measure predicts an outcome.

Question 12

What is construct validity?

Answer 12

The greater the cumulative evidence, the more confidently one can determine whether an assessment measures the intended construct.

Question 13

What is responsiveness?

Answer 13

Indicates the ability of a measure to detect change; important when an occupational therapist wants to use a measure before and after treatment to determine if the individual has progressed.

Question 14

What is interrater reliability?

Answer 14

Indicates the degree to which two or more testers will arrive at the same score.

Question 15

What is qualitative research evidence?

Answer 15

Answers questions about meaning and experience by collecting data from the perspective of individuals with the lived experience of interest.
Inductive reasoning
Moves from specific to general.
Look for themes in data.
Discovery over confirmation

Question 16

The appraisal of qualitative research is based on…

Answer 16

Trustworthiness: the data presented in a qualitative study accurately reflects the phenomena of interest.

Question 17

Trustworthiness comprises what 4 characteristics?

Answer 17

Credibility: reflects a study’s authenticity; participants’ experiences
Transferability, which is based on the extent to which qualitative research can be applied to other situations.
Dependability or the extent to which qualitative data is consistent.
Confirmability is the extent to which the findings of a qualitative study can be corroborated by others.

Question 18

What are 4 recommendations for increasing research in OT?

Answer 18

1. OTPs can be more involved in intervention research that supports client-centered, occupation-based research.
2. Collaborative relationships between OT clinicians and university faculty can promote research.
3. There is a growing body of evidence that originates from OTPs, but there continues to be a lack of high-quality study designs.
4. OTPs can pursue the completion of systematic reviews on topics of interest to mental health practitioners.