Neurodegenerative Diseases Flashcards
What is the primary progressive form of MS?!
Steady increase in disability
What are the three factors of a neurodegenerative disease?!
Loss of neurones
Irreversible
Progressive
How can Alzheimer’s be treated?!
Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors
What are some of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis?!
Muscle weakness Difficulty swallowing Fatigue Pain Speech Visual Depression
What neuroendocrine mechanisms can cause depression?!
High cortisol levels
High CRH levels
What is the progressive relapsing from of MS?!
Steady decline with superimposed attacks
What are the causes of MS?!
Autoimmune attack on the oligodendrocytes
What form of disorder is Parkinson’s?!
Extra pyramidal
What is the relapsing-remitting from of MS?!
Unpredictable attacks followed by periods of remission
What part of the brain is diminished in PD?!
Substantial nigra
Deficit in Dopaminergic neurones
What is the inherited gene in Huntingdons disease?!
Polyglutamine repeat
What is the pathology of Huntingdons disease?!
Loss of neurones in the cerebral cortex and corpus striatum
What are the two types of symptoms in Huntingdons disease?
1) changes in cognitive and personality
2) motor changes
What causes negative symptoms in schizophrenia?!
Mesocortical pathways increased
How is Huntingdons treated?!
L-DOPA replacement therapy
What can cause psychosis in schizophrenia?!
Reduction in NMDA activity
What causes positive symptoms in schizophrenia?!
Mesolimbic pathway increased
What is bipolar disease characterised by?!
Extreme moodswings
Severe mania to severe depression
What are the two types of symptoms in depression?!
Emotional and biological
What is the biological symptoms in depression?!
Low monoamine turnover
What is Alzheimer’s characterised by?!
Narrowed gyri and widened sulci - loss of neurones
What is the secondary progressive form of MS?!
Initial relapsing-remitting then sudden periods of decline
What is the cause of alzheimers?!
Sensible plaques - abnormal processing of APP by secretase enzymes
Hyperphosphorylated tau protein
What are the symptoms of PD?!
Tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia
Postural changes
What is the mechanism involved with schizophrenia?!
Increased dopamine levels
What are some symptoms of Alzheimer’s?!
Disorientation Loss of social skills Bedridden Difficulty with words and numbers Etc.
