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Biology Of The Mind > Neurodegenerative Diseases > Flashcards

Neurodegenerative Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary progressive form of MS?!

A

Steady increase in disability

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2
Q

What are the three factors of a neurodegenerative disease?!

A

Loss of neurones
Irreversible
Progressive

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3
Q

How can Alzheimer’s be treated?!

A

Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors

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4
Q

What are some of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis?!

A 
Muscle weakness
Difficulty swallowing
Fatigue
Pain
Speech 
Visual 
Depression
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5
Q

What neuroendocrine mechanisms can cause depression?!

A

High cortisol levels

High CRH levels

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6
Q

What is the progressive relapsing from of MS?!

A

Steady decline with superimposed attacks

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8
Q

What are the causes of MS?!

A

Autoimmune attack on the oligodendrocytes

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10
Q

What form of disorder is Parkinson’s?!

A

Extra pyramidal

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11
Q

What is the relapsing-remitting from of MS?!

A

Unpredictable attacks followed by periods of remission

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12
Q

What part of the brain is diminished in PD?!

A

Substantial nigra

Deficit in Dopaminergic neurones

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13
Q

What is the inherited gene in Huntingdons disease?!

A

Polyglutamine repeat

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14
Q

What is the pathology of Huntingdons disease?!

A

Loss of neurones in the cerebral cortex and corpus striatum

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15
Q

What are the two types of symptoms in Huntingdons disease?

A

1) changes in cognitive and personality

2) motor changes

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16
Q

What causes negative symptoms in schizophrenia?!

A

Mesocortical pathways increased

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19
Q

How is Huntingdons treated?!

A

L-DOPA replacement therapy

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20
Q

What can cause psychosis in schizophrenia?!

A

Reduction in NMDA activity

21
Q

What causes positive symptoms in schizophrenia?!

A

Mesolimbic pathway increased

22
Q

What is bipolar disease characterised by?!

A

Extreme moodswings

Severe mania to severe depression

23
Q

What are the two types of symptoms in depression?!

A

Emotional and biological

24
Q

What is the biological symptoms in depression?!

A

Low monoamine turnover

25
Q

What is Alzheimer’s characterised by?!

A

Narrowed gyri and widened sulci - loss of neurones

26
Q

What is the secondary progressive form of MS?!

A

Initial relapsing-remitting then sudden periods of decline

27
Q

What is the cause of alzheimers?!

A

Sensible plaques - abnormal processing of APP by secretase enzymes
Hyperphosphorylated tau protein

29
Q

What are the symptoms of PD?!

A

Tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia
Postural changes

32
Q

What is the mechanism involved with schizophrenia?!

A

Increased dopamine levels

44
Q

What are some symptoms of Alzheimer’s?!

A 
Disorientation 
Loss of social skills
Bedridden
Difficulty with words and numbers 
Etc.

Biology Of The Mind (16 decks)

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