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Biology Of The Mind > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

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0
Q

Where do the majority of retinal ganglion cell axons terminate?!

A

The lateral geniculate nucleus

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1
Q

Where does the processing for touch take place?!

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

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2
Q

Attention is limited. True or false?!

A

True

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3
Q

What is the orbitofrontal cortex involved in?!

A

Emotional decision making

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4
Q

What is the prefrontal cortex thought to be important for?!

A

Day dreaming

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5
Q

What develops slowly in the brain?!

A

The prefrontal cortex

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6
Q

What is the anterior cingulate cortex part of?!

A

The Limbic system

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7
Q

How is pre-synaptic facilitation carried out?!

A

Inhibits potassium currents in the post-synaptic axon = depolarised for longer

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8
Q

How is pre-synaptic inhibition carried out?!

A

Directly inhibiting the calcium channels in the post-synaptic axon terminal

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9
Q

How does summation occur?!

A

If an EPSP is evoked before the previous EPSP has fully decayed

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10
Q

Where does summation occur?!

A

At the axon hillock

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11
Q

What type of neurones innervate sensory receptors?!

A

Pseudo unipolar

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12
Q

What information does the dorsal column-medial lemnisus pathway carry?!

A

Proprioceptive and innocuous touch

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13
Q

Where does the dorsal column medial lemnisus pathway carry information from and to?!

A

From the periphery to the primary somatosensory cortex

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14
Q

Regarding the DCML pathway, where do the first order neurones ascend?!

A

Ascend ipsilaterally to the brainstem through the dorsal columns
Reaches the cuneate and grey cell nuclei within the brainstem
The 2nd order neurones, cross the midline ascend contralaterally through the medial lemniscus to the thalamus
Finally it goes to the primary somatosensory cortex

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15
Q

What type of information does the spinothalamic tract carry?!

A

Noxious and thermal information

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16
Q

Where do the primary afferents of the spinothalamic pathway terminate?!

A

In the dorsal horn

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17
Q

What way does the spinothalamic pathway ascend?!

A

Contralaterally

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18
Q

Where are light rays focused onto?!

A

The retina by the lens and cornea

19
Q

Where are the photoreceptors embedded?!

A

The pigmented epithelial layer

20
Q

What happens when light hits the opsins (photopigments)?!

A

Activation of the G protein that then decreases the production of cGMP and causes Na+ channels to close = hyper polarisation

21
Q

Where is the olfactory information projected to?!

A

Multiple brain regions

22
Q

Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus contained?!

A

The hypothalamus

23
Q

What does the suprachiasmatic uncle produce?!

A

Circadian rhythms

24
Q

What is the hypothalamus important for?!

A

Temperature control
Blood pressure
Hunger and satiety

25
Q

What are the two types of hypothalamus cells?!

A

Mangocellular secretory cells

Parvocellular secretory cells

26
Q

Where do magnocellular secretory cells project?!

A

Into the posterior lobe of the pituitary, neurohormones are then released directly into the systemic circulation

27
Q

What do the Magnocellular secretory cells release?!

A

ADH or vasopressin - stimulates renin release from the kidneys

28
Q

What does renin cause?!

A

Stimulates angiotensin II which causes constriction of blood vessels to raise blood pressure

29
Q

What do parvocellular secretory cells do?!

A 
Release hormones to stimulate the anterior pituitary to release hormones 
Eg ACTH ( acts on adrenal glands)
30
Q

What are the main divisions of the autonomic nervous system?!

A

Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Enteric

31
Q

What tissue makes up the bones and the muscles?!

A

Mesoderm

Muscles-Mesoderm

32
Q

What is neurulation?!

A

Process by which the neural plate becomes the neural tube

33
Q

Some neurones have a long axon that stretches from one part of the CNS to another. What is this called?!

A

Golgi type I neurones

34
Q

What tissue makes up the peripheral nervous system?!

A

Neural crest

35
Q

What role foes the brainstem have?!

A

Contains nuclei for homeostatic control of bodily functions

36
Q

Why are neuromuscular junctions reliable?!

A

Axon terminal is large
Pre-synaptic terminal has lots of active zones
Motor-end plate contains a series of shallow folds

37
Q

How are toxins used as a research tool?!

A

Study the consequences of blocking action potentials

Deduce the 3D structure of the sodium channels

38
Q

What tissue makes up the internal organs?!

A

Endoderm

When you take something internal up = Endocytosis

39
Q

What do astrocytes do?!

A

Maintains extra cellular conditions
Regulation potassium ions
Take up extra cellular potassium ions

40
Q

What is the internal capsule?!

A

Links the cortex with the brainstem

41
Q

What divides the frontal and temporal lobe?!

A

Lateral sulcus

42
Q

What is the tissue in the CNS derived from?!

A

Ectoderm

43
Q

What is the cerebellum important for?!

A

Control of movements

44
Q

What is the cerebrum important for?!

A

Higher levels of cognitive processing

45
Q

How does the sodium channel selectively filter sodium ions and potassium ions?!

A

Uses water as a molecular chaperone to allow Na through

Potassium and water is too big

46
Q

What are the role of the medulla oblongata?!

A

Controls heart rate and breathing

Biology Of The Mind (16 decks)

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