Higher Congnitive Functions Flashcards
What controls attention to the visual world?!
Right partietal cortex
Where do association cortices receive inputs from?!
Other cortical areas
From primary sensory/motor areas (via thalamic nuclei)
From other subcortical inputs
What are the two other cortical areas?!
Ipsilateral cortico-cortical connections
Inter hemisphere cortico-cortical connections
What are the three components of an emotional response?!
Autonomic
Behavioural
Hormonal
What are the three thalamus nuclei?!
Pulvinar nucleus
Medial dorsal nucleus
Anterior and ventral anterior nucleus
What causes Contralateral neglect syndrome?!
Lesion to the right parietal cortex
What are the subcortical inputs?!
Dopaminergic neurones in the midbrain
Noradrenergic/serotonergic neurones in the reticular formation
Cholinergic neurones in the brainstem
What causes balint syndrome?!
Lesion to the parietal cortex
What areas of the brain are involved with emotional processing?!
Limbic system and the amygdala mainly
Orbitofrontal cortex
Cingulate gyrus/thalamus/ventral basal ganglia
What are the visuospatial deficits in Balints syndrome?!
Simultanagnosia: inability to perceive visual scene as a whole
Optic apraxia: difficulty in voluntary scanning of visual scene
Optic ataxia: deficit in visually guided reading
What does attention allow for?!
Covert shifting
Quicker response time to stimuli
Subject to external influences
Preferential processing of sensory information
What is the amygdala involved in?!
Recognise fear and facial expressions
Not involved with recognition of personal faces etc.
What two areas are involved with language?!
Wernickes areas: left temporal cortex, understanding spoken language
Brocas area: left frontal cortex, language production
What is the disorder of language called?!
Aphasia
What is brocas aphasia?!
‘Motor’ aphasia
Broken stuttered speech
What is Wernickes aphasia?!
Damage to sensory or receptive areas
Rambling
What is conduction aphasia?!
Difficulty repeating words
Lack of connectivity between Wernickes and brocas
What does the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex do?!
Initiates and shifts behaviour
Inhibits behaviour
Stimulate behaviour
What controls language?!
Left frontal and temporal cortexes
What is the prefrontal cortex responsible for?!
Aspects of our personality
What does the ventromedial prefrontal cortex do?!1
Inhibition of socially inappropriate behaviour
Sensitivity to the consequences of action
Where are the upper motor neurones located?!
Layer V of the primary motor cortex (frontal lobe)
What type of projections do upper motor neurones send?!
Glutaminergic
How are the projections sent via from upper motor neurones to low motor neurones?!
Corticospinal tract and the cortico bulbar tract
What areas are effected in ADHD?!
Smaller prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia
Where are association cortices found?!
Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
What are the three types of attention disorders?!
ADHD
Contralateral neglect syndrome
Balints syndrome
What is speech produced by?!
Lungs Larynx Pharynx Oral cavity Nasal cavity
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is only in the left hemisphere.
True of false?!
False
