Neurocritical care Flashcards
vasogenic edema
extracellular edema. BBB damaged (Eg: brain tumor)
cytotoxic edema
intracellular edema. associated w/ cellular membrane damage (eg: ischemic)
plateau waves/ lundberg A waves
increase ICP
crescentic hematoma
subdural hematoma - rupture of the bridging veins
biconvex hematoma
epidural hematoma - rupture of hte middle meningeal artery
angular acceleration and shear injury
diffuse axonal injury
CSF w/ xanthochromia
SAH
neurologic worsening in SAH w/ unsecured aneurysm
suspect rebleeding
neurologic worsening in SAH w/ secured aneurysm & b/w 3-15 days
suspect vasospasm
hydrocephalus & intraventricular hemorrhage
consider EVD in ICP needs to be monitored or treated
pinpoint pupils, apneustic breathing pattern
pontine lesion
ataxic breathing pattern
medullary lesion
decorticate posture
lesion above the red nucleus
decerebrate posture
lesion between the red nucleus and the vestibular nucleus
petechial hemorrhages in the brain after trauma with bone fracture
fat embolsim
brain injury & anisocoria
uncal herniation
state of pathologically reduced consciousness from which the patient can be aroused to purposeful response only w/ external stimulation
stupor
deep sleep, cannot be aroused, may reimace or have sterotyped movements but does not localize to the stimulus
coma
awake and conscious but quadriplegic, paralysis of lower cranial nerve and horizontal gaze. preserved vertical gaze and blinking
locked in state
previously comatose, but w/return of the sleep-wake cycle. lack cognitive function
unresponsive wakefulness
alteration of consciousness with poor attention and fluctuation
delirium
