Cognitive and behavioral neurology

Question 1

chromosome 1

Answer 1

presenilin 2 (Alzheimer disease)

Question 2

chromosome14

Answer 2

presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease)

Question 3

chromosome 19

Answer 3

apolipoprotein E4 (Alzheimer disease)

Question 4

chromosome 21

Answer 4

amyloid precursor protein - APP (Alzheimer disease)

Question 5

histopath findings for Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 5

• Neuritic plaques
• amyloid plaques,
• amyloid angiopathy
• neurofibrillary tangles
  -granulovacuolar degeneration
• Hirano bodies

Question 6

dementia with lewy bodies

Answer 6

• fluctuating cogntion, visual hallucinations, parkinsonism
• lewy bodies

Question 7

huntington disease

Answer 7

AD - CH 4 - CAG repeat

Question 8

synucleinopathy

Answer 8

• MSA= multisystem atrophy
• Parkinson’s disease
• dementia with Lewy bodies
• neuroaxonal dystrophy

Question 9

tauopathy

Answer 9

• AD = (Alzheimer disease)
• CBD = cortico basal degeneration
• PSP = progressive supranuclear palsy
• FTD = frontotemporal dementia

Question 10

PSP

Answer 10

globose neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and tufted astrocytes

Question 11

spongiform encephalopathy

Answer 11

CJD

Question 12

cognitive dysfxn, gait impairment, urinary incontinence

Answer 12

NPH

Question 13

gerstmann’s syndrome

Answer 13

in the dominant inferior parietal lobe (angular gyrus)
- finger agnosia, right - left confusion, agraphia, acalculia

Question 14

where is the object in space?

Answer 14

parieto-occipital pathways

Question 15

what is an object?

Answer 15

parieto-temporal pathways

Question 16

balint’s syndrome

Answer 16

bilateral parieto-occipital lesions
- optic ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, simultagnosia

Question 17

anton’s syndrome

Answer 17

localizes to the bilateral medial occipital lesions
-denial of cortical blindless

Question 18

kluver-bucy syndrome

Answer 18

localizes to bilateral medial temporal lobe lesions, involving amygdala
- hyperorality, visual agnosia, hypersexuality, blunted emotional affect, hypokinesia, hypermetamorphosis

Question 19

dressing apraxia

Answer 19

nondominant parietal lobe

Question 20

hemisensory neglect

Answer 20

nondominant parietal lobe

Question 21

conjugate gaze deviation in direction contralateral hemiparesis

Answer 21

lesion in the frontal eye fields

Question 22

expressive aphasia but with intact repetition

Answer 22

transcortical motor
MCA-ACA watershed
disconnecting SMA from broca’s area

Question 23

receptive aphasia but with intact repitition

Answer 23

Transcortical sensory
MCA-PCA watershed or thalamic infarct

Question 24

ideomotor apraxia

Answer 24

dominant parietal cortex (superior marginal/angular gyrus)
- patient understand the movement to be executed but has difficulty with postural and spatial orientation

Question 25

ideational apraxia

Answer 25

bifrontal or biparietal cortex
- struggles with temporal sequence of events needed to execute a movement