Cognitive and behavioral neurology Flashcards
chromosome 1
presenilin 2 (Alzheimer disease)
chromosome14
presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease)
chromosome 19
apolipoprotein E4 (Alzheimer disease)
chromosome 21
amyloid precursor protein - APP (Alzheimer disease)
histopath findings for Alzheimer’s disease
- Neuritic plaques
- amyloid plaques,
- amyloid angiopathy
- neurofibrillary tangles
-granulovacuolar degeneration - Hirano bodies
dementia with lewy bodies
- fluctuating cogntion, visual hallucinations, parkinsonism
- lewy bodies
huntington disease
AD - CH 4 - CAG repeat
synucleinopathy
- MSA= multisystem atrophy
- Parkinson’s disease
- dementia with Lewy bodies
- neuroaxonal dystrophy
tauopathy
- AD = (Alzheimer disease)
- CBD = cortico basal degeneration
- PSP = progressive supranuclear palsy
- FTD = frontotemporal dementia
PSP
globose neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and tufted astrocytes
spongiform encephalopathy
CJD
cognitive dysfxn, gait impairment, urinary incontinence
NPH
gerstmann’s syndrome
in the dominant inferior parietal lobe (angular gyrus)
- finger agnosia, right - left confusion, agraphia, acalculia
where is the object in space?
parieto-occipital pathways
what is an object?
parieto-temporal pathways
balint’s syndrome
bilateral parieto-occipital lesions
- optic ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, simultagnosia
anton’s syndrome
localizes to the bilateral medial occipital lesions
-denial of cortical blindless
kluver-bucy syndrome
localizes to bilateral medial temporal lobe lesions, involving amygdala
- hyperorality, visual agnosia, hypersexuality, blunted emotional affect, hypokinesia, hypermetamorphosis
dressing apraxia
nondominant parietal lobe
hemisensory neglect
nondominant parietal lobe
conjugate gaze deviation in direction contralateral hemiparesis
lesion in the frontal eye fields
expressive aphasia but with intact repetition
transcortical motor
MCA-ACA watershed
disconnecting SMA from broca’s area
receptive aphasia but with intact repitition
Transcortical sensory
MCA-PCA watershed or thalamic infarct
ideomotor apraxia
dominant parietal cortex (superior marginal/angular gyrus)
- patient understand the movement to be executed but has difficulty with postural and spatial orientation
ideational apraxia
bifrontal or biparietal cortex
- struggles with temporal sequence of events needed to execute a movement
