Movement Disorders Flashcards
direct pathway: inhibitory/excitatory to cortex?
excitatory = increases thalamic excitation of the cortex
indirect pathway: inhibitory/excitatory to cortex?
inhibitory = decreases thalamic excitation of cortex
hyperkinetic movement disorders (direct or indirect pthway dysfxn)?
reduced activity of indirect pathway
hypokinetic movement disorders (direct or indirect pthway dysfxn)?
reduced activity of direct pathwy
sites involved in indirect pathway
caudate/putamen
GP externa
GP interna
subthalamic nucleus = STN
thalamus
sites invoved in direct pathway
caudate/putamen
GP interna
thalamus
substantia nigra reticulate = SNr
MOA ropinirole & pramipexole
dopamine agonist at D2 and D3 receptors
MOA entacapone
COMT inhibtior
MOA levodopa
dopamine precursor, converted into dopamine by action of dopa carboxylase
MOA carbidopa
peripheral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor
parkinson’s disease therapy that causes impulse control problems
dopamin agonists (ropinirole & pramipexole)
most common gene mutated in hereditary parkinson’s disease
leucine rich pepeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)
tongue protrusion dystonia, chorea, acanthocytes on wet mount peripheral smear
neuroacanthocytosis
Huntington’s disease: chromosome, MOI, protein, genetic abnormality
chromosome 4
AD
Huntington protein
CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion
torsin A mutation
primary generlized dystonia
AD
chromosome 9
DYT1 dystonia