Neuroanatomy_EO Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the prefrontal cortex is responsible for cognition

A

Dorsolateral: working memory, attention, planning Loop between DLPFC, caudate and thalamus

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2
Q

Which part of the prefrontal cortex are involved in the affective circuit?

A

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, thalamus. Role in motivation, reward and social cognition

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3
Q

Which symptoms are usually associated with a deficit in the orbitofrontal cortex?

A

Impulse control, self-awareness (am I talking to load?), emotional control. Other structures involved: putamen and thalamus

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4
Q

Name the nucleus associated with serotonine

A

Raphe nucleus

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5
Q

Name the nucleus associated with NE

A

Locus coeruleus

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6
Q

Name the component of the Papez circuit and its function

A

Hippocampus, fornix, mamillary bodies, anterior nucleus of the thalamus and cingulate gyrus. For emotional processing.

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7
Q

Name where the cell bodies of the dopaminergic system reside

A

Substantia nigra and ventreal tegmental area

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8
Q

Name where the cell bodies of the acethylcoline system reside

A

Nucleus basalis of Meynert

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9
Q

Most likely aphasia dx when impaired repetition ?

A

Wernicke Also: impaired comprehension, nonsensical speech but fluent, impaired repetition and naming Left temporoparietal, posterior

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10
Q

What is the aphasia dx when non fluent and comprehension intact?

A

Broca Left frontoparieral

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11
Q

What is the aphasia dx when repetition intact?

A

Transcortical sensory

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12
Q

Tx of post stroke depression?

A

Cipralex, celexa, sertraline, venla, dulox, mirtaz Beware warfarin is metabolized by 3a4, 2c9 and 1a2; highest risk of interaction is paxil, prozac and luvox

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13
Q

Sx of post concussion?

A

Headache Diziness Fatigue Light and noise sensitivity Decrease concentration, ST memory, word finding, executive functions, mental processing speed = common to all Insomnia Affective lability (overreactive) Irritability, agressiveness Anxiety - depression Apathy Dishinhibition (social, sexual, spending)

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14
Q

Natural recovery of postconcussive sx? (% by months)

A

3mo = 24-84% 6mo = 30% 12 mo <15%

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15
Q

Most common disorder post stroke and post TBI (peu importe la sévérité)?

A

MDE Fyi: Psychosis is associated with severity of TBI)

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16
Q

Most efficacious antipsychotic in Parkinson?

A

Clozapine Olanzapine unlikely efficacious Psychosis: 60% are treated PD, 10% are untreaded

17
Q

Which Da agonist is associated with impulse controle disorder in parkinson?

A

Pramipexol

18
Q

Précurseur de norepinephrine?

A

Phenylalanine-tyrosine-dopa-NE

19
Q

Which structure decreases in size in a MDE?

A

Amygdal, hippocampe and caudate

20
Q

Name the components of limbic system

A

Hypothalamus, amygdale, hippocampe, cingulated gyrus, thalamus

21
Q

What happens to brains in schizophrenia ?

A

Reduce volume of : -thalamus -cervelet -temporal, frontal and occipital lobe Increased volume of lateral and 3rd ventricules Anomalies in basal ganglia and corpus callous Asymetrie of many regions

22
Q

What happens to brain of PTSD?

A

Reduction in volume of : -hippocampus -cortex antérieur cingulé During flashbacks: activation of amygdala, hypometabolism of broca area, lateralisation of visospatial cortex Activation of HPA axis but hypocortisolemia, but increased NE

23
Q

what happens to the brain of OCD?

A

Reduced volume of basal ganglia Increased volume of thalamis and cortex cingulé antérieur Hypermetabolism of basal ganglio (mostly caudate) and cortex cingulé antérieur Asymetrie amygdale (G>D) Atteinte de la boucle des ganglions fronto-corticaux

24
Q

What happens to the brain of ADHD?

A

Delais de croissance du cerveau (<10%, especially basal ganglia and frontal lobes) Dysfonction fronto-striatal Atteinte au cervelet, lobes temporaux et parietaux Augmentation onde theta en frontal a l’eeg

25
What happens to the brain of MDD?
Reducitoon in volume of: - amygdala - caudate - hippocampus Hypermetabolism of amygdala (increased reactivity to emotions) Hypometabolism DLPFC (reduced inhibition of limbic system) Hypercortisolémie (activation of HPA axis) No suppression at dexamethasone test
26
Name components of reward system
Amygdala Pre-frontal cortex Nucleus accumbens Ventral tegmental area
27
Summarize metabolisme and neurological effect of alcohol
1- Etoh is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogrenase by oxidation to form acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyd is then metabolized by aldehyde dehydrogenase which becomes acetyl-coenzyme A 2- NMDA antagonist, GABA agonist
28
Which brain structure is affected by korsakoff syndrome? What are the main sx?
Corps mamillaires. Permanent in 50% of cases Confabulation, anterograde amnenia, poor recall, desorientation, poor insight. Hallucinations are possible