Neuroanatomy Lecture 3: Cerebral Hemispheres Flashcards
which level of meninges goes into the sulci
pia mater
what are the red and blue bits
what do they control
red = PREcentral gyrus- motor
blue = postcentral gyrus- sensory
front of head = start
what is the green sulcus
lateral sulcus
name the purple and blue bits
purple = parieto-occipital sulcus
blue= cingulate sulcus
name the green bit
hoppicampus
whats the green bit pointing too
insula
what Broadman area is the precentral gyrus (motor)
area 4
association area of motor- speech
Broadman area
brocas
44,45
association area of motor- cognitive
Broadman area
Prefrontal cortex–cognitive functions of higher order-intellect,judgement, prediction,planning
6
basic homonculus- order of areas from inside to out
inside- feet
leg
trink
arm
hand
outside- face
what broadman area is post central gyrus- sensory
3,1,2
2 association areas of post central gyrus
Superior parietal lobule
Inferior parietal lobule
association of post central gyrus: what does Superior parietal lobule do x2
Interpretation of general sensory information (sensory association area)
conscious awareness of contralateral half of body.
association of post central gyrus: what does Inferior parietal lobule do x2
Interface between somatosensory cortex and visual and auditory association areas.
In dominant hemisphere, contributes to language functions
what happens when theres a lesion in the parietal lobe x4
*Hemisensory neglect
*Right-left agnosia- can’t recognize or identify objects or persons
*Acalculia
*Agraphia
where is the primary auditory cortex found
broadman number
superior temporal gyrus
41, 42
auditory association area
what it does
where it is
Wernicke’s area
understanding spoken word
posterior to 41,42
where is the smell centre
inferior to auditory cortex 41,42
where is the primary visual cortex
Broadman’s area
either side of calcarine sulcus
17
where is the visual association area
what does it do
broadmans area
rest of occipital lobe
interpretation of vision
18, 19
name the parts of the limbic lobe x5
green = cingulate gyrus
red = hippocampus
pink = parahippocampal gyrus
brown = olfactory tract
purple = amygdala
what does the limbic system control
memory and emotional aspects of behaviour
what association area is only found in dominant hemisphere
wernikes
what lobe is likely to be effected in
brocas
wernikes aphasia
and what is likely to be associated
brocas- frontal
likely to also have paralysis
Wernicke’s- temporal
no paralysis but possibly hearing
3 types of myelinated axon fibres bundled into tracts in brain
commissural
association
projection
what do commissural do
connect corresponding areas of the two hemispheres. (Corpus callosum)
what do association areas do
connect one part of the cortex with the other- primary to association area
what do projection fibres do
where are they found
run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres
found in corona radiata and the internal capsule.
list the basal ganglia x3
caudate nucleus
lentiform
Substantia nigra
what are the 2 blue bits
dark blue = lateral ventrical
light blue = 3rd ventrical
whats the orange bit
thalamus
whats the red bit
caudate nucleus
whats the grey blue and purple bits
grey blue = putamen
light purple = globus pallidus
purple = lentiform nucleas
whats the green bit
internal capsule
whats the black and red bit
black = substantia nigra
red = red nucleas
what parts of the basal ganglia are input or output
what do they receive/send output from/to
input = caudate and putamen “put em in”
motor and thalamus
output = globus pallidus and substantia nigra
thalamus eventually to motor cortex
main purpose of substantia nigra
regulates initiation and termination of movements
3 diseases of basal ganglia
Parkinson’s
chorea
athetosis
