Neuroanatomy Lecture 3: Cerebral Hemispheres

Question 1

which level of meninges goes into the sulci

Answer 1

pia mater

Question 2

what are the red and blue bits
what do they control

Answer 2

red = PREcentral gyrus- motor
blue = postcentral gyrus- sensory

front of head = start

Question 3

what is the green sulcus

Answer 3

lateral sulcus

Question 4

name the purple and blue bits

Answer 4

purple = parieto-occipital sulcus

blue= cingulate sulcus

Question 5

name the green bit

Answer 5

hoppicampus

Question 6

whats the green bit pointing too

Answer 6

insula

Question 7

what Broadman area is the precentral gyrus (motor)

Answer 7

area 4

Question 8

association area of motor- speech

Broadman area

Answer 8

brocas

44,45

Question 9

association area of motor- cognitive

Broadman area

Answer 9

Prefrontal cortex–cognitive functions of higher order-intellect,judgement, prediction,planning

6

Question 10

basic homonculus- order of areas from inside to out

Answer 10

inside- feet
leg
trink
arm
hand
outside- face

Question 11

what broadman area is post central gyrus- sensory

Answer 11

3,1,2

Question 12

2 association areas of post central gyrus

Answer 12

Superior parietal lobule

Inferior parietal lobule

Question 13

association of post central gyrus: what does Superior parietal lobule do x2

Answer 13

Interpretation of general sensory information (sensory association area)

conscious awareness of contralateral half of body.

Question 14

association of post central gyrus: what does Inferior parietal lobule do x2

Answer 14

Interface between somatosensory cortex and visual and auditory association areas.

In dominant hemisphere, contributes to language functions

Question 15

what happens when theres a lesion in the parietal lobe x4

Answer 15

*Hemisensory neglect
*Right-left agnosia- can’t recognize or identify objects or persons
*Acalculia
*Agraphia

Question 16

where is the primary auditory cortex found

broadman number

Answer 16

superior temporal gyrus

41, 42

Question 17

auditory association area
what it does
where it is

Answer 17

Wernicke’s area
understanding spoken word
posterior to 41,42

Question 18

where is the smell centre

Answer 18

inferior to auditory cortex 41,42

Question 19

where is the primary visual cortex

Broadman’s area

Answer 19

either side of calcarine sulcus

17

Question 20

where is the visual association area
what does it do
broadmans area

Answer 20

rest of occipital lobe

interpretation of vision

18, 19

Question 21

name the parts of the limbic lobe x5

Answer 21

green = cingulate gyrus
red = hippocampus
pink = parahippocampal gyrus
brown = olfactory tract
purple = amygdala

Question 22

what does the limbic system control

Answer 22

memory and emotional aspects of behaviour

Question 23

what association area is only found in dominant hemisphere

Answer 23

wernikes

Question 24

what lobe is likely to be effected in
brocas
wernikes aphasia

and what is likely to be associated

Answer 24

brocas- frontal
likely to also have paralysis

Wernicke’s- temporal
no paralysis but possibly hearing

Question 25

3 types of myelinated axon fibres bundled into tracts in brain

Answer 25

commissural
association
projection

Question 26

what do commissural do

Answer 26

connect corresponding areas of the two hemispheres. (Corpus callosum)

Question 27

what do association areas do

Answer 27

connect one part of the cortex with the other- primary to association area

Question 28

what do projection fibres do

where are they found

Answer 28

run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres

found in corona radiata and the internal capsule.

Question 29

list the basal ganglia x3

Answer 29

caudate nucleus
lentiform
Substantia nigra

Question 30

what are the 2 blue bits

Answer 30

dark blue = lateral ventrical
light blue = 3rd ventrical

Question 31

whats the orange bit

Answer 31

thalamus

Question 32

whats the red bit

Answer 32

caudate nucleus

Question 33

whats the grey blue and purple bits

Answer 33

grey blue = putamen
light purple = globus pallidus

purple = lentiform nucleas

Question 34

whats the green bit

Answer 34

internal capsule

Question 35

whats the black and red bit

Answer 35

black = substantia nigra
red = red nucleas

Question 36

what parts of the basal ganglia are input or output
what do they receive/send output from/to

Answer 36

input = caudate and putamen “put em in”
motor and thalamus

output = globus pallidus and substantia nigra
thalamus eventually to motor cortex

Question 37

main purpose of substantia nigra

Answer 37

regulates initiation and termination of movements

Question 38

3 diseases of basal ganglia

Answer 38

Parkinson’s
chorea
athetosis