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Yr 2 Anatomy > Head and Neck Week 1- skull, face, bones and neck > Flashcards

Head and Neck Week 1- skull, face, bones and neck Flashcards

1
Q

cranial suture joint type

A

fibrous

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2
Q

name for spongey bone in skull

A

diploe

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3
Q

where is the lamboid suture

A

at back, between parietal and occipital and temporal

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4
Q

what fontanelle closes first

A

posterior

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5
Q

what bones is the superior nuchal line a part of

A

occipital

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6
Q

what 2 bones form the zygomatic arch

A

zygomatic anteriorly
temporal posteriorly

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7
Q

5 layers of the scalp

A

Skin
Connective
Aponeurosis of occipital muscle- epicranial
Loos areolar connective
pericranium

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8
Q

epicranial layer of scalp connects…

A

frontal and occipital bellies of ocipitofromtalis

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9
Q

what does eyebrow do when: occipital and frontalis muscles move together

A

eyebrows rise

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10
Q

what does eyebrow do when: frontalis muscle moves alone

A

frowning

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11
Q

sensory nerve supply to the front of the head

A

trigeminal-
ophthalmic V1
maxillary V2
mandibular V3

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12
Q

sensory nerve supply to back of the head

A

anterior and posterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C2 + C3

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13
Q

what forms from the ventral rami of C5-T1

A

brachial plexus sensory and motor

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14
Q

what layer of scalp has blood vessels

A

dense connective

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15
Q

arterial origin supply to scalp

A

ECA

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16
Q

what artery is the superficial temporal a branch of
and where does it split

A

ECA

inside parotid gland

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17
Q

what are emissary veins

A

valveless veins where diploic veins of skull anastomose with scalp veins

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18
Q

lymph drainage of the scalp

A

no nodes
straight into lymph nodes of head and neck

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19
Q

where do the muscles of facial expression lie

A

in superficial fascia of the neck and face

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20
Q

functions of muscles of facial expression: orbicularis oculi palpebral part

A

close eyelids loosely

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21
Q

functions of muscles of facial expression: occipital frontalis

A

retracts scalp

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22
Q

functions of muscles of facial expression: orbicularis oculi orbital

A

close eye lids tightly
winking

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23
Q

functions of muscles of facial expression: frontlis

A

raises eyebrows

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24
Q

functions of muscles of facial expression: buccinator

A

presses cheeks against teeth while eating

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25
Q

functions of muscles of facial expression: platysma

A

Depresses mandible and angle of mouth,
tenses skin of lower face and anterior neck

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26
Q

functions of muscles of facial expression: orbicularis oris

A

shape lips
close mouth
resist blowing

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27
Q

what branch of facial nerve comes from anterior parotid

A

buccal

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28
Q

3 structures that pass into parotid

A
  1. facial nerve
    2.external carotid artery
  2. retromandibular vein
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29
Q

Which division of the autonomic nervous system would be secretomotor to the parotid
salivary gland?

which nerve supplies parasympthetic
and sympathetic

A

parasympathetic

glossopharyngeal CN IX
superior cervical ganglion

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30
Q

Which bone does the facial artery wind around to reach the face?

A

mandible

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31
Q

Where does the facial artery end?

A

medial aspect of the eye

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32
Q

what vein does the facial and superficial temporal vein drain to

A

IJV

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33
Q

Vertebral Compartment:

A

Cervical vertebrae and Postural muscles (Prevertebral &
Postvertebral muscles)

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34
Q

what do the Vascular Compartments contain (one on each side):

A

contains major blood vessels and the
vagus nerve

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35
Q

Visceral compartment:

A

contains thyroid, parathyroid glands (and part of thymus),
Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea & oesophagus

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36
Q

what are the compartments of the neck enclosed bt

A

musculofascial collar

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37
Q

joint type between occipital condyles and C1 atls

A

synocial condyloid

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38
Q

joint type between C1 and C2 odontoid peg

A

synovial pivot

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39
Q

What structures pass through the foramen transversarium? (hole in vertebrae) x3

A

vertebral artery and vein
plexus of sympathetic nerves.

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40
Q

What is the vertebra prominens?

A

vertebra- C7

prominens as its prominent spinous process is palpable through the skin

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41
Q

borders of anterior triangle

A

Superiorly – inferior border of mandible (jawbone).

Laterally – anterior border of sternocleidomastoid.

Medially – sagittal line down the midline of the neck- middle of neck

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42
Q

contents of anterior triangle
musclesx2
blood vessels x2
nerves x4

A

Suprahyoid
Infrahyoid muscles

common carotid artery- bifurcates into ECA and ICA
IJV

facial [VII],
glossopharyngeal [IX]
vagus[X]
accessory [XI]
hypoglossal [XII] nerves

7,9,10,11,12

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43
Q

border of posterior triangle

A

Anterior – posterior border of sternocleidomastoid.

Posterior – anterior border of trapezius

Inferior – middle 1/3 of the clavicle

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44
Q

contetnts of post triangle: main muscle, vein, nerves and plexuses

A

omohyoid
EJV
accessory and phrenic
brachial and cervical plexus

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45
Q

contents of posterior triangle
muscles x4
blood vessels x4
nerves x4

A

Omohyoid muscle and it’s 2 bellies
Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Anterior, middle and posterior scalenes

External jugular
subclavian, transverse cervical and suprascapular
vein/arteries

accessory nerve CN XI
phrenic nerve
cervical plexus C1-4
brachial plexus C5-T1

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46
Q

attachments of the sternocleidomastoid

A

STERNO-the manubrium of sternum
CLEIDO-the clavicle (-cleido-), and the mastoid
MASTOID- mastoid process of the temporal bone (-mastoid).

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47
Q

function of the sternocleidomastoid- what happens to head and face when right one is contracted

A

head would tilt right
face would turn left

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48
Q

actions of upper middle and lower trapezius

A

upper- elevate scapula
middle- retract scapula
lower- depress scapula

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49
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

and what triangle is it found

A

accessory CN XI

posterior

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50
Q

4 sub triangles of anterior triangle

A

submental

submandibular/digastric

carotid

muscular

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51
Q

sub triangles of ant triangle boundaries: submental

A

Inferiorly – hyoid bone.
Medially – midline of the neck.
Laterally – anterior belly of the digastric

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52
Q

sub triangles of ant triangle boundaries: submandibular/digastric

A

Superiorly – body of the mandible.
Anteriorly – anterior belly of the digastric muscle.
Posteriorly – posterior belly of the digastric muscle

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53
Q

sub triangles of ant triangle boundaries: carotid

A

Superior – posterior belly of the digastric muscle.

Lateral – medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Inferior – superior belly of the omohyoid muscl

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54
Q

sub triangles of ant triangle contents: submental

A

submental lymoh

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55
Q

sub triangles of ant triangle contents: submandibular x3

A

submandibular gland (salivary)
submandibular lymph node
The facial artery and vein

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56
Q

sub triangles of ant triangle contents: carotid x4

A

common carotid artery which bifurcates into ECA and ICA
IJV

hypoglossal
vagus

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57
Q

sub triangles of ant triangle contents: muscular x4

A

infrahyoid muscles
the pharynx
thyroid
parathyroid glands.

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58
Q

sub triangles of ant triangle boundaries: muscular

A

Superiorly – hyoid bone.
Medially – imaginary midline of the neck.
Supero-laterally – superior belly of the omohyoid muscle.
Infero-laterally – inferior portion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

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59
Q

Which artery
is the common carotid artery a branch of on right and left

A

On the right side- Brachiocephalic trunk

On the left side- arch of aorta

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60
Q

what does all blood supply to head originate from

A

common carotid

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61
Q

what triangle does the common carotid run in
and what contains it

A

in the anterior triangle of the neck

within the carotid sheath.

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62
Q

contents of carotid sheath x3

A

CCA
jugular vein
vagus nerve

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63
Q

what level does the common carotid devide

A

C4

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64
Q

what branch of common carotid gives off branches in the neck

A

ECA

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65
Q

what branch of common carotid is most lateral

A

ICA

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66
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the ECA
and within which gland

A

maxillary
superficial temporal arteries

parotid gland

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67
Q

where does the IJV emerge from
and where does that inturn sit

A

jugular venous sinus
juguar foramen

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68
Q

Which vein of the upper limb does the IJV merge with
and what is the name of the vein that is formed?

A

subclavian
brachiocephalic

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69
Q

what position is the EJV
what does it drain

A

superficial
scalp and face

70
Q

In relation to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, where does the EJV run

A

superficial

71
Q

Which vein does the EJV drain into

A

subclavian

72
Q

Where does the vagus nerve lie in relation to the vascular contents of the carotid sheath

A

posterior in between carotid artery and IJV

73
Q

what plexus does the phrenic nerve emerge from

A

cervical plexus

74
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve lie in relation to the carotid sheath?

A

posterior deep to vertebral column

75
Q

sets of muscles attached to the hyoid bone x4

A
  1. Suprahyoid muscles
  2. Infrahyoid muscles
  3. Hyoglossus/Genioglossus (a muscle of the tongue)
  4. Middle pharyngeal constrictor (a muscle of the pharynx)
76
Q

innervation of suprahyoid muscles: mylohyoid

A

CN V3 mandibular trigrminal

77
Q

innervation of suprahyoid muscles: genioyoid

A

anterior ramus of spinal nerve C1 carried
by the hypoglossal nerve.

78
Q

innervation of suprahyoid muscles: digastric

A

ant belly: CN V3 mandibular
post belly: facial nerve CN VIII

79
Q

innervation of suprahyoid muscles: stylohyoid

A

facial CN VIII

80
Q

what actions do the sternohyoid have on the mandible and on the hyoid bone

A

move hyoid up
move mandible down

81
Q

suprahyoid muscles x4

A

mylohyoid
geniohyoid
digastric
stylohyoid

82
Q

infrahyoid muscles x4

A

sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
omohyoid

83
Q

innervation of 3/4 infrahyoid muscles

A

sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid

Anterior rami of spinal nerves C1-C3
(via ansa cervicalis)

84
Q

innervation of infrahyoid muscles: exception

A

thyrohyoid
C1 by hitching a ride on hypoglossal nerve

85
Q

what action does the infrahyoid muscles have on the hyoid bone and larynx

A

depress hyoid
thyrohyoid- elevate larynx
sternothyroid depress larynx

86
Q

root value of cervical nerve plexus
and what nerve comes from this

A

C1-4
phrenic

87
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis

A

nerve loop in cervical plexus innervating the infrahyoid
muscles in the anterior cervical triangle.

88
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis

A

nerve loop in cervical plexus innervating the infrahyoid
muscles in the anterior cervical triangle.

89
Q

root value of cervical plexus

90
Q

At what level (in relation to the trachea or larynx) does the isthmus of the thyroid gland lie?

A

anterior to 2nd or 3rd tracheal cartilages

91
Q

relations of thyroid gland: strap muscles are ___ to thyroid

92
Q

relations of thyroid gland: sternocleidomastoid is ___ to thyroid

A

anterior lateral

93
Q

relations of thyroid gland: carotid sheath is ___ to thyroid

94
Q

relations of thyroid gland: recurrent laryngeal nerve is ___ to thyroid

95
Q

relations of thyroid gland: external laryngeal nerve is ___ to thyroid

96
Q

relations of thyroid gland: parathyroid is___ to thyroid

A

anterior

(not visible to naked eye)

97
Q

name all the bones

A

yellow = frontal

light blue = zygomatic

purple = maxilla

green = temporal

dark blue = occipital

pink = parietal

98
Q

whats the yellow and purple bones

A

yellow = sphenoid

purple = mandible

99
Q

name the bones

A

brown = nasal
blue = lacrimal
yellow = ethmoid

100
Q

name the 3 protuberances

A

red= mastoid process
blue= styloid process
purple= occipital condyles

101
Q

what are the light and dark blue things

A

light = lesser wing
dark = greater wing

102
Q

whats the pink thing

A

pituitary fossa

103
Q

identify the different features

A

orange = pterygoid plates of sphenoid bone

blue = mastoid process with styloid process sticking out

purple = occipital condyle

yellow = palatine bone

104
Q

name all the sinuses

A

yellow = frontal

green = sphenoid

orange = ethmoid

blue = maxillary

105
Q

name the 3 ossicles

A

blue = hammer

red = anvil

grey = stirrup

106
Q

name the layer of the scalp

A

pink = skin
purple = aponeurosis
yellow = periosteum

107
Q

name the 3 blue areas of nerve supply

A

dark = opthalmic trigeminal
middle = maxillary trigeminal
light = mandibular trigeminal

108
Q

name the 3 red areas of nerve supply including nerve level

A

red = posterior rami of C2-3

pink = anterior rami of lesser occipital C2

magenta = supraclavicular C4

109
Q

what are the orange arteries

what branch of carotid do they come form

A

supra trochlear

ICA

110
Q

what is the blue artery

what branch of carotid does it come from

A

supraorbital

ICA- both arteries in front of face are ICA

111
Q

whats the green artery

what branch of carotid

A

superficial temporal

ECA

112
Q

whats the pink artery

what branch does it come from

A

posterior auricular

ECA

113
Q

whats the purple artery

what branch does it come from

A

occipital

ECA

114
Q

what are the blue veins

A

dark = supraorbital
medium = supratrochlear
light = facial
grey-blue = anterior jugular

115
Q

what are the red and pink veins

A

red = internal jugular
pink = external jugular

116
Q

what are the purple and green veins

A

purple = subclavian

green = superficial temopral

117
Q

whats the green vein

A

superficial temporal

118
Q

whats the light blue vein

A

external jugular

119
Q

whats the dark blue vein

A

internal jugular

120
Q

whats the purple vein

A

anterior jugular

121
Q

name the branches of the facial nerve

and the mnemonic

A

green = temporal

blue = zygomatic

pink = buccal

purple = marginal mandibular

red = cervical

Tall
Zebras
Buy
Milk chocolate
Mousse
Conservatively

122
Q

name the green, red and yellow arteries

A

green = superficial temporal

red = ECA

yellow = facial

123
Q

name these compartments

A

pink = visceral

red = vascular

dark red = musculofascial collar

yellow = vertebral

124
Q

what part of spine is this from

whats the grey part

A

cervical

body

125
Q

whats the 2 green spaces

A

light = foramen transversum- at side so transverse

dark = Intervertebral foramen- inter so inside main bit

126
Q

whats the orange, yellow and blue parts

A

orange = transverse process- at side

yellow = spinous process

blue = articular facet

127
Q

what are the purple and pink muscles

A

purple = stylohyoid
pink = ant belly of digastric

128
Q

whats the orange muscle

A

inferior belly of omohyoid

129
Q

what are the red and blue muscles

A

red = sternocleidomastoid

blue = trapezius

130
Q

what are the red and pink branches

A

red = right common artery
pink = right subclavian

131
Q

what are the 2 blue branches

A

dark = left common carotid
light = left subclavian

132
Q

whats the purple branch

A

brachiocephalic

133
Q

whats the red box

what does it contain

what triangle is it in

A

carotid sheath

common carotid A
jugular
vagus nerve

anterior

134
Q

name these parts of the hyoid bone

A

dark blue = greater horn
light blue = lesser horn
grey = body

135
Q

whats the red muscle

what does its prefix mean

A

geniohyoid

genio = chin “chinio”

136
Q

whats the green muscle

what does it’s prefix mean

A

mylohyoid

mylo = molars as it attatches near teeth. its big and wide like molars are

137
Q

whats the blue muscle

A

thyrohyoid

138
Q

whats the yellow muslce

A

sterno thyroid

139
Q

whats the orange muscle

A

sternohyoid- behind sternothyroid

140
Q

whats the purple muscle

what does its suffix mean

A

sup belly of omohyoid

omo = shoulder and scapula so its the one that attatches over there

141
Q

whats the dark and light brown muscles

A

dark = ant belly of digastric
light = post belly

142
Q

identify the red vessels

A

right and left common carotids

143
Q

whats the red artery

A

superior thyroid artery

144
Q

whats the dark blue vein

A

superior thryoid vein

145
Q

whats the middle blue vein

A

middle thyroid vein

146
Q

whats the grey blue vein

147
Q

whats the light blue vein

A

inferior thyroid

148
Q

whats the 2 dark red muscles

A

sternocleidomastoid

149
Q

what are the red, yellow and blue things

A

red = anterior belly of digastric

yellow = parotid gland

blue = anterior jugular vein

150
Q

what are the red purple and green muscles

A

red = omohyoid

purple = scalene

green = sternothyroid

151
Q

the green thing

A

EJV- sits over sternocleidomastoid

152
Q

name the 3 arteries

A

green = ECA

purple = ICA

pink = subclavian

153
Q

name the 3 veins

A

dark blue = EJC
ligh blue = IJV
purple = brachiocephalic

154
Q

identify

A

sphenoid sinus

155
Q

name the blue and purple muscles

A

blue = temporalis
purple = masseter

156
Q

name the 2 green muscles

A

light green = lateral pterygoid
dark green = medial pterygoid

157
Q

whats the blue thing

A

Trigeminal nerve ganglion

158
Q

what forms the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

Prevertebral fascia

159
Q

what muscle is surrounded by the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia

A

sternocleidomastoid

160
Q

Which potential space in the neck could allow for the tracking of pus into the posterior mediastinum

A

Retropharyngeal

161
Q

what is the isthmus of the thyroid related to

A

Tracheal cartilaginous rings

162
Q

Which nerve runs close to the sup thyroid artery

A

External Laryngeal nerve

163
Q

whats the The squamous part of the temporal bone

A

the flat part of the skull you can feel on the side of the head

164
Q

what part of the temporal bone do the ossicles sit in

A

Petrous part

165
Q

what muscle is the aponeurosis of in SCALP

A

Occipitofrontalis

166
Q

Which of the following is NOT found within the parotid salivary gland?

Select one:
a. Facial artery
b. External Carotid artery
c. Maxillary artery
d. Superficial temporal artery
e. Facial nerve

A

a. Facial artery

167
Q

what muscle is being used here

A

buccinator

168
Q

From which artery does the facial artery arise?

169
Q

what type of view is this

A

occipitomental/waters

170
Q

what type of view is this

Yr 2 Anatomy (26 decks)

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