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Yr 2 Anatomy > Head And Neck Week 3- Eyes and Ears > Flashcards

Head And Neck Week 3- Eyes and Ears Flashcards

1
Q

three foramina at the apex of the orbit

A

optic foramen
superior orbital fissure
inferior orbital fissure.

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2
Q

contents of eye foramen: optic foramen x2

A

optic nerve
ophthalmic artery

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3
Q

contents of eye foramen: superior orbital fissure x5

A

opthalmic veins

Rest of nerves relating to the eye:

oculomotor nerve CN III

trochlear nerves CN IV)

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve CN VI with its frontal, lacrimal, and nasociliary branch

abducens nerve CN VI

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4
Q

contents of eye foramen: Inferior orbital fissure x3

A

maxillary division of trigeminal

ophthalmic vein

sympathetic nerves

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5
Q

3 layers of the eye

A

outer fibrous

middle vascular

inner sensory

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6
Q

layers of the eye contents and completeness: outer fibrous

A

sclera
cornea

complete- extends throughout eye

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7
Q

layers of the eye contents and completeness: middle vascular

A

iris
ciliary body
choriod

incomplete anteriorly- pupil

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8
Q

layers of the eye contents and completeness: inner sensory

A

retina

incomplete- stops short just in front of equator of eye

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9
Q

fluid in anterior eye vs posterior

A

Anterior = Aqueous humour
posterior = virtuous humour

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10
Q

intrinsic muscles of eye x3
overall function
individual function

A

ciliaris- lense shape
constrictor papillae- constrict pupil
dilator papillae- dilate pupil

control pupils

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11
Q

extrinsic muscles of the eye x6
and functions

A

medial- adduction
lateral- abduction
superior- elevation, adduction, intorsion
inferior rectus- depression, adduction, extorsion

superior oblique- depression, intorsion, abduction
inferior oblique- elevation, extorsion, abduction

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12
Q

extrinsic muscles: what does the medial rectus do

A

adduct eye- pull it in

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13
Q

extrinsic muscles: what does the lateral rectus do

A

abduct eye- pull it out

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14
Q

extrinsic muscles: what does the superior rectus do

A

elevates

adducts
intorts

its superior so does 2 extra

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15
Q

extrinsic muscles: what does the inferior rectus do

A

depress

adduct
extort

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16
Q

extrinsic muscles: what does the superior oblique do

A

depress
intort
abduct

everything opposite to sup rectus except intorsion/ extorsion

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17
Q

extrinsic muscles: what does the inferior oblique do

A

elevate
extort
abduct

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18
Q

what produces aqueous humour

A

ciliary body

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19
Q

innervation of intrinsic muscles

A

ciliaris and constrictor- parasympathetic oculomotor CN III

dilator papillae- sympathetic

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20
Q

name for looking towards and away from the nose

A

towards- adduction
away- abduction

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21
Q

name for rotating towards and away from the eye

A

towards- intorsion
away- extortion

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22
Q

what innervates the LPS

A

oculomotor CNIII

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23
Q

Which is the only muscle that does not arise from the posterior aspect of the orbit?

A

inferior oblique- floor

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24
Q

the ligaments that prevent over-adduction and over-abduction of the eye

A

medial and lateral ligaments

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25
Q

What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the eye

A

prevent downward displacement of eyeball

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26
Q

what artery supplies the orbit and eye
and what’s it a branch of

A

ophthalmic

ICA

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27
Q

Which foramina in the orbit do the ophthalmic veins pass through to enter into the
cavernous venous sinus in the cranial cavity

A

sup orbital fissure

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28
Q

where does the lacrimal gland sit

A

lateral part of orbit

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29
Q

what cranial nerve is parasympathetic innervation come from to lacrimal duct

A

facial nerve CN VIII

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30
Q

where does lacrimal duct drain into
name of duct

A

inferior nasal meatus
via nasolacrimal duct

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31
Q

What types of joints are found between the ossicles

A

synovial

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32
Q

Which ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane

A

malleus

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33
Q

Which ossicle is in contact with the oval window

A

stapes

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34
Q

Name two muscles related to the ossicles
and their action

A

tensor tympani- reduce transmission/ vibrations of sound
stapedius- stabilise stapes

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35
Q

Within which part of the temporal bone do the middle and inner ear lie?

A

petrous part

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36
Q

fluid in ear: bony labyrinth vs membranous labyrinth

A

bony- perilymph

membranous- endolymph

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37
Q

Through which foramen does the facial nerve exit the posterior cranial fossa

A

stylomastoid

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38
Q

2 cranial nerves that leave stylomastoid foramen

A

facial
vestibulocochlear CN VIII

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39
Q

where does the facial nerve lie

A

in a canal (facial canal) on the medial wall of the middle ear cavity.

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40
Q

what happens to the facial nerve in middle ear

A

it turns into chorda tympani

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41
Q

functions of the chorda tympani

A
  1. Parasympathetic (preganglionic) efferent fibres in submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. These are secretomotor.
  2. Sensory fibres carrying the special sense of taste to ant 2/3 of tongue
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42
Q

what vein is near deep cervical lymph nodes
and where do they sit

A

IJV
fascia of carotid sheath

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43
Q

what makes up the jugular lymph trunk

A

deep cervical lymph nodes
+ efferent lymphatic vessels

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44
Q

Where do the efferent lymphatics from these jugular lymph trunks drain into right vs left

A

right- right lymphatic duct
left- thoracic duct

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45
Q

what do parotid ducts drain x3

A

Scalp around parotid gland
lateral parts of the eyelids
middle ear.

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46
Q

what do submental nodes drain x2

A

Anterior tongue tip
central part of the floor of the mouth and chin

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47
Q

what do the submandibular nodes drain x4

A

Front of scalp
nose
lips
air sinuses

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48
Q

what do the mastoid nodes drain x2

A

Middle region of scalp
external auditory meatus

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49
Q

havent finished lymph of face or neck

A
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50
Q

Which bone forms the posterior boundary of the anterior cranial fossa?

A

sphenoid

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51
Q

Which bone forms the anterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa?

A

sphenoid

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52
Q

Which bones form the floor of the middle cranial fossa?

A

body and greater wing of sphenoid

temporal bone

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53
Q

Which bone forms the posterior border of the middle cranial fossa?

A

temporal

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54
Q

name for the point where 4 bones join in skull
what bones form
blood vessel just behind it

A

pterion
parietal, frontal, temporal, sphenoid
middle meningeal- branch of maxillary and carotid

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55
Q

Which bone forms the anterior and which the posterior border of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

anterior- temporal
posterior- occipital

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56
Q

contents of foramen of skull: cribriform plate x1

A

olfactory nerve CNI

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57
Q

contents of foramen of skull: optic x2

A

optic nerve
ophthalmic artery

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58
Q

contents of foramen of skull: superior orbital fissure x5

A

oculomotor
trochlear
abducens
ophthalmic

superior ophthalmic vein

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59
Q

contents of foramen of skull: foramen rotundum x1

A

maxillary trigeminal

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60
Q

contents of foramen of skull: foramen ovale x1

A

mandibular branch or trigeminal

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61
Q

contents of foramen of skull: foraman spinosum x1

A

middle meningeal artery

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62
Q

contents of foramen of skull: foramen lacerum x1

A

ICA

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63
Q

contents of foramen of skull: carotid canal x3

A

ICA
venous plexus
sympathetic plexus

64
Q

contents of foramen of skull: internal acoustic foramen x2

A

vestibulocochlear nerve VIII
facial nerve VII

65
Q

contents of foramen of skull: jugular foramen x4

A

9, 10, 11:
glossopharyngeal IX
vagus X
accessory XI

internal jugular vein

66
Q

contents of foramen of skull: hypoglossal foramen x1

A

hypoglossal nerve

67
Q

contents of foramen of skull: foramen magnum x3

A

spinal medulla
vertebral and spinal artery
posterior spinal vein

68
Q

where are the inner cranial vein sinuses found betweeen

A

the inner and outer layers of dura
– the inner layer is the dura proper and the outer layer the periosteum

69
Q

What artery and its branches make the groove that begins just lateral to the foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal- branch of ECA

70
Q

what are the sinuses called that run
laterally on both sides starting from the internal occipital protuberance called?

what do they contain
what do they eventually continue as

A

transverse sinus
intracranial veins
S shaped sigmoid sinus

71
Q

Into which foramen does the groove for the sigmoid sinus lead?

A

jugular foramen

72
Q

Which major vein emerges into the neck from the jugular foramen

73
Q

In the body of which cranial bone is the sella turcica found?
whats found on either side of it

A

sphenoid
cavernous sinus

74
Q

where are the clinoid processes found
what joins to them

A

on either side of the sella turcica,
give attachment to a fold of dura mater, the tentorium cerebelli.

75
Q

Which foramen lies immediately anterior to the groove for the cavernous sinus?

A

optic canal

76
Q

whats the purpose of the pits on either side of superior saggital sinus

A

little finger like projections from the arachnoid mater
into the superior sagittal sinus
which help CSF to be reabsorbed into the systemic circulation.

77
Q

what bone is the pterygoid plate and hamulus a part of

78
Q

muscles that attatch to:
medial pterygoid plate and
lateral pterygoid plate

A

medial- medial pterygoid muscle and sup pharyngeal constrictor

latarel- inf ed of pterygoid muscle

79
Q

ossification in flat and irregular skulls bones

A

flat- intramembranous
irregular- endochondral

80
Q

ossification in flat and irregular skulls bones

A

flat- intramembranous
irregular- endochondral

81
Q

age of fontanelle closure

A

anterior- 9 to 18 months
posterior- 1-2 months

82
Q

What type of epithelium lines the dorsal surface of the tongue?

A

squamous stratified nonkeratinizing- (check)

83
Q

What type of muscle fibres underlies the epithelium of the tongue?

A

stratiated skeletal muscle

84
Q

mucus vs serous colour on H&E stain

A

mucous- white
serous- purple

85
Q

type of secretion in salivary glands

A

parotid- serous so purple P-P
submandibular- mixed so white and pink
sublingual- mucous so white

86
Q

nerve supply to
intrinsic
extrinsic
sensory
eye lid
muscles of eye

A

intrinsic- oculomotor
extrinsic- oculomotor, trochlear, abducens
sensory- ophthalmic trigeminal

eyelid- facial- orbicularis oculi

87
Q

branches of facial nerve x5

A

frontal (or temporal)
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical

Free Zebras Buy Many Chocolates

88
Q

identify the 3 sinuses

A

blue = frontal
yellow = ethmoid
purple = maxilary

89
Q

what are the dark purple and blue boxes

A

purple = macula

blue = optic disc

90
Q

what are the light purple, yellow and red boxes

A

light purple = orra serata
red = ciliary body
yellow = zonules

91
Q

whats the grey thing

A

trochelea ligamentous sling

92
Q

whats the red muscle

93
Q

what are all the blue muscles

what are they supplied by

A

all by oculomoter
dark blue = sup rectus
medium blue = medial rectus
light blue = inferior rectus

trochlear:
grey blue = sup oblique

94
Q

what are all the blue muscles

what are they supplied by

A

Ocullomotor:
dark blue = superior rectus
light blue = inf rectus
bottom grey blue = inferior oblique

medium blue = LATERAL rectus- ABDUCENS

top grey blue = sup oblique- TROCHLEAR

95
Q

name the parts on the tympanic membrane

A

dark blue = manubrium of malleus
yellow = cone of light
pink = pars tensa
light blue = ant malleolar fold

96
Q

what are the 3 purple bits

A

dark purple : malleus
light purple : incus
pinky purple : stapes

97
Q

what are the red brown and yellow boxes

A

red = temporal bone
brown = tympanic membrane
yellow = eustachian tube

98
Q

what are the grey blue and magenta boxes

A

grey = semi-circular canals
blue = vestibulocochlear nerve
magenta = cochlea

99
Q

name the nodes in the right box

A

easier than it looks- just think about what area/muscle they’re near

pink = parotid
red = buccal
dark blue = submandibular
blue = submental
purple = inf deep cervical

100
Q

what are the nodes in the left box

A

green = mastoid
blue = occipital
dark purple = superficial cervical
light purple = sup deep cervical

101
Q

whats this called

what artery sits just behind it

A

pterion

middle meningeal

102
Q

whats yellow foramen

what passes through it

A

cribiform plate

olfactory nerve

103
Q

whats grey blue foramen

what passes through it x2

A

optic canal

optic nerve
ophthalmic artery

104
Q

whats middle blue foramen

what passes through it x5

A

superior orbital fissure

oculomotor
trochlear
abducens
ophthalmic trigeminal nerves

sup ophthalmic vein

105
Q

whats purple foramen

what passes through it x1

A

foramen rotundum

maxillary trigeminal nerve

106
Q

whats pink foramen

what passes through it x3

A

foramen ovale

mandibular trigeminal nerve

accessory meningeal artery
lesser petrosal vein

107
Q

whats red foramen

what passes through it x1

A

foramen lacerum

greater petrosal nerve

108
Q

whats orange foramen

what passes through it x3

A

foramen spinosum

meningeal branch of mandibular trigeminal

middle meningeal artery
middle meningeal vein

109
Q

whats magenta foramen

what passes through it x2

A

carotid canal

sympathetic nerve plexus
ICA

110
Q

whats green foramen

what passes through it

A

internal acoustic meatus

facial nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve

labyrinthine artery

111
Q

whats dark blue foramen

what passes through it x6

A

jugular foramen

glossopharyngeal nerve
vagus nerve
accesory nerve

sigmoid sinus
inf petrosal sinus
post meningeal artery

112
Q

whats light purple foramen

what passes through it x3

A

hypoglossal canal

hypoglossal nerve

113
Q

whats brown foramen

what passes through it x3

A

foramen magnum

medulla
spinal roots of accessory nerve
vertebral arteries

114
Q

name the foramen on the bottom of the skull

A

pink = foramen ovale
orange = foramen spinosum
red = foramen lacerum
magenta = carotid canal
blue = jugular foramen
purple = hypoglossal

115
Q

what are the 2 yellow bits

A

light yellow = lesser wing
yellow = greater wing

116
Q

what are the 2 purple bits

A

light purple = lateral pterygoid plate
purple = medial pterygoid plate

117
Q

what are the 2 green bits

A

dark green = ant clinoid process
light green = post clinoid process

118
Q

what are the blue and red bits

A

blue = optic canal
red = sella turcica

119
Q

what are the 2 purple bits

A

dark purple = medial pterygoid plate
light = lateral pterygoid plate

119
Q

what are the 2 purple bits

A

dark purple = medial pterygoid plate
light = lateral pterygoid plate

120
Q

what is the blue, yellow and orange bits

A

blue = maxilla
yellow = palatine
orange = vomer

121
Q

what are the green and red bones

A

green = temporal
red = occipital

122
Q

what sinus is this

A

sphenoid sinus

123
Q

identify the blue, green and red bits

A

blue = maxillary
green = TMJ
red = mastoid air cells

124
Q

what are the blue and red bits

A

blue = IJV

red = common carotid

125
Q

what are the grey, brown and yellow bits

A

grey = trachea
brown = oesophagus
yellow = vertebrae

126
Q

whats the red and blue vertebra

A

blue = C1 ATLAS
red = C2 AXIS

127
Q

whats the orange bit on C2

A

odontoid peg

128
Q

whats this from

129
Q

what are the purple and red boxes

A

purple = papilla
red = submucosal muscle

130
Q

What type of epithelium lines the dorsal surface of the tongue?

A

squamous stratified

131
Q

what type of acinus is A and B

A

A = serous- proteins so purple
B = mucous

132
Q

what gland is this from

what type of secretion is most predominant

A

parotid

serous- really purple

133
Q

what gland is this from

what type of secretion is more predominant

A

sublingual

mucous- more white

134
Q

what gland is this from

what type of secretion is more predominant

A

submandibular

mixed- so white and pink

135
Q

name the 3 bits highlighted

A

yellow = handle of malleus

green = chordae tympani

blue = facial nerve

136
Q

name the 3 parts highlighted

A

green = utricle

yellow = saccule

purple = ampula

137
Q

name the parts of the ear

A

orange = utricle
purple = macule
green = sacule
pink = crista
red = ampulla

138
Q

what muscles open and close the eye

A

close = obicularis ocoli
(Palpebral part – gently closes the eyelids.
Orbital part – tightly closes the eyelids)

open = LPS

139
Q

what artery passes through A

A

opthalmic- its optic canal

140
Q

identify B and C

A

B = lacrimal bone

C = greater wing of sphenoid

141
Q

identify the layer labled B

142
Q

what does contraction of ciliary body cause

A

suspensory ligaments to lax

  • lense gets bigger
143
Q

whats muscle A

144
Q

whats B

A

lacrimal gland

145
Q

whats C

A

frontal branch of CN V V1- opthalmic

146
Q

actions of SO

A

ABduction- its superior so can abduct like an alien

Intorsion

depression

147
Q

Which muscle is being tested when you ask your patient to elevate the eye in adduction?

A

inferior oblique

148
Q

whats B

149
Q

what group of lymph could this spread to

150
Q

what passes through each of these foramin

151
Q

what is the process labled A

what attatches to it

A

crista gali
part of ethmoid

falx cerebri

152
Q

what nerve passes through A

A

VII, VIII- internal acoustic maetus

153
Q

what passes through A

A

ICA- carotid canal

154
Q

what passes through A

A

V3- foramen ovale

155
Q

whats the arrow pointing to

A

isthmus of thyroid

156
Q

whats B and C

A

B = mastoid air cells

C = internal acoustic canal

Yr 2 Anatomy (26 decks)

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