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Yr 2 Anatomy > Head and Neck Week 2-mastication, nose, mouth, pharynx and larynx > Flashcards

Head and Neck Week 2-mastication, nose, mouth, pharynx and larynx Flashcards

1
Q

coughing is only possible when …

A

the larynx can close effectively

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2
Q

where does the pharynx start and end

A

base of the skull

oesophagus

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3
Q

hat vertebral level does trachea and oesophagus begin

A

C6

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4
Q

what part of the ethmoid bone contributes to the nasal cavity

A

cribiform plate

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5
Q

what part of the ethmoid bone contributes to the nasal cavity

A

cribiform plate

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6
Q

what bones form the roof of the nose x4

A

nasal bones, frontal bone, ethmoid and sphenoid

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7
Q

what forms the floor of the nose x2

A

palatine processes of the maxillae and palatine bones- make hard palate

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8
Q

what bones form the septum x2

A

vomer below
perpendicular plate of ethmoid above

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9
Q

ethmoid bone: what passes through the cribriform plate

A

olfactory nerve fibres

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10
Q

ethmoid bone: what attaches to the crista galli

A

falx cerebri- sheet of dura mater that separates the brains hemispheres

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11
Q

what epithelium forms the respiratory mucosa lining the nasal cavity

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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12
Q

what is the roof of the nasal cavity lined by

A

olfactory musocsa

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13
Q

what cranial nerve innervates olfactory mucosa
and what else does it do

A

olfactory nerve - CNI
sense of smell

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14
Q

what is the space behind nasal conchae called

A

meatus

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15
Q

name of space above superior concha

A

spehnoethmoidal recess

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16
Q

what bone are the sup and middle concha a part of

A

ethmoid

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17
Q

what artery branches supply the nose

what veins supplies the nose

A

ophthalmic- from ICA
ECA

venous plexus

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18
Q

what does the spheno-ethmoid recess open into

A

sphenoidal sinus

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19
Q

what does the superior meatus open into

A

posterior ethmoid cells

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20
Q

what does the middle meatus open into x4

A

maxillary sinus

frontal sinus

anterior ethmoid air cells

middle ethmoid air cells

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21
Q

what does he inferior meatus open into

A

nasolacrimal duct

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22
Q

what sinus does not drain well and is indented by tooth sockets

A

maxillary

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23
Q

what nerve innervates sinuses overall

A

trigeminal CN V

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24
Q

what branch of CN V innervates: frontal sinus

A

supraorbital V1

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25
Q

what branch of CN V innervates: maxillary sinus

A

infraorbital and maxillary V2

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26
Q

what branch of CN V innervates: sphenoid air sinus

A

posterior ethmoidal nerve V1+2

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27
Q

what branch of CN V innervates: ethmoidal air cells

A

ethmoidal branches of nasocilliary nerve V1

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28
Q

which bones form the roof of the nasopharynx

A

body of sphenoid
basilar part of occipital

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29
Q

2 important structures in nasopharynx

A

adenoids
orifice of auditory or eustachian tubes

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30
Q

posterior lip of eustachian tube is prominent due to what muscle

A

salpinopharyngeous

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31
Q

what type of joint is the TMJ

A

synovial hinge

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32
Q

2 articular processes that form the TMJ

A

mandibular fossa of temporal bone
condylar process of mandible

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33
Q

what movements occur at the TMJ x5

A

1.open
2. close
3. protusion
4. retrusion
5. side to side

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34
Q

4 muscles of mastication

A

temporalis
masseter
lateral + medial pterygoid

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35
Q

2 bony attachments of temporalis

A

temporal fossa
coronoid process of mandible

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36
Q

anterior vs posterior temporalis fibre direction
and action

A

ant- vertical
post- horizontal

ant-elevate mandible
post- retract mandible

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37
Q

2 bony attachments of massater

A

maxillary process of zygomatic bone and arch
outer surface of ramus and angle of mandible

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38
Q

action of masseter

A

close mouth

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39
Q

what surface does the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles attatch
and on what plate

A

lateral-lateral surface
medial-medial surface

of the LATERAL pterygoid plate

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40
Q

how does the lateral/medial pterygoid muscle attach to the mandible

A

lateral- into TMJ to the neck of mandible and articulate disk of joint

medial- medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible

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41
Q

action of pterygoids:
1. 2 laterals

  1. lateral and medial of same side contract
  2. 2 medials contracts
A
  1. protraction of mandible and depress chin
  2. medially rotate mandible swings to other side
  3. elevate and protrude mandible
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42
Q

what depresses the mandible x2

A

suprahyoid muscles

gravity

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43
Q

mandible movement summary: what muscles elevate x3

A
  1. masseter
  2. temporalis
  3. medial pterygoid
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44
Q

mandible movement summary: what muscle protrudes

A

massater

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45
Q

mandible movement summary: what muscle retract

A

temporalis

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46
Q

mandible movement summary: what muscle moves side to side

A

lateral pterygoid

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47
Q

what division of trigeminal is the only one to carry both sensory and motor

A

mandibular V3

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48
Q

what innervates muscles of mastication

A

mandibular trigeminal CN5 V3

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49
Q

what foramen does CN 5 come out of

A

ovale foramen

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50
Q

where are the motor muscles of mastication found

A

infratemporal fossa

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51
Q

what nerve provides sensory stimulation for mandibular area
what is it a branch of
where does it enter

A

mental
trigeminal
mandibular fossa

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52
Q

what innervates the buccinator
where does the buccinator lie

A

facial
lateral walls of oral cavity

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53
Q

what muscle contracts to close lips

A

orbicularis oris

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54
Q

name for the poterior opening of the oral cavity

A

oropharyngeal isthmus

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55
Q

Which two bones form the hard palate?

A

maxilla
palatine bone

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56
Q

name for muscle of uvula

A

musculus uvulae

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57
Q

5 muscles of soft palate

A

1 palatoglossus
2 palatopharyngeus
3 tensor veli palatini
4 musculus uvulae
5 levator veli palatini muscles

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58
Q
A
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59
Q

general sesnosry supply to soft palate

A

maxillary and glossopharyngeal nerve

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60
Q

special sensory innervation of soft palate

A

facial

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61
Q

motor/mucous innervation to soft palate

A

glossopharyngeal

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62
Q

what do the muscles of the soft palate do

A

elevate it to close pharyngeal isthmus from food

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63
Q

what 2 muscles do the tonsils sit in

A

palatoglossus and
palatopharyngeus muscles

64
Q

what devides the 2 parts of the toung

A

sulcus terminalis

65
Q

where are papillae found

A

anterior 1/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue

66
Q

where are papillae found

A

anterior 1/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue

67
Q

3 types of papillae

A
  1. Filiform
  2. Fungiform
  3. vallate
68
Q

where are taste buds not found

A

on filiform papillae

69
Q

general sensory to ant and post tongue

A

ant 2/3- mandibular V3 of trigeminal

post 1/3- glossopharyngeal CN IX

70
Q

intrinsic vs extrinsic tongue muscles

A
  1. Intrinsic muscles that originate and insert within the tongue
  2. Extrinsic muscles that attach from the tongue to surrounding bones or soft palate
71
Q

where are intrinsic muscle of tongue found

72
Q

what do intrinsic muscles of tongue do

A

elongating and retracting
elevating and lowering the apex of tongue broadening and narrowing the surface of the tongue

73
Q

what do extrinsic muscles fibres of the tongue do

A

change position

74
Q

palatoglossus action

A

narrow pharynx

75
Q

styloglossus action

A

retract and elevate mandible

76
Q

hyoglossus action

A

depress and retract tongue

77
Q

genioglossus action

A

protude tongue to opposite side

78
Q

4 extrinsic muscles of tongue and their attachments

A

genioglossus- inner surface of mandible
hyoglossus- greater horn of hyoid
styloglossus- styloid process
palatoglossus- soft palate

think of usual attachments for name

79
Q

what innervates both ext and int muscles of tongue

and exception

A

hypoglossal CN XIII
glossal- tongue

palatoglossus- pharyngeal plexus from vagus

80
Q

What are the two parts of the submandibular gland?

what muscle seperates it

A

superficial and deep lobe

mylohyoid

81
Q

what artery grooves the under surface of the submandibular salivary gland?

82
Q

what muscles can the submandibular be found between

A

myloyoi

hyoglossus

83
Q

parasympathetic innervation of 3 salivary glands

A

parotid- Glossopharyngeal nerve

Submandibular salivary gland- chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve

sublingual- chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve

84
Q

what makes the adams apple

A

thyroid cartilage

85
Q

paired cartilage in larynx
complete ring cartilage

A

arytenoid
cricoid

86
Q

4 structures that form the laryngeal inlet

A

1 epiglottic cartilage
2 aryepiglottic fold
3 Arytenoid cartilage
4 corniculate`

87
Q

What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx?

A

inferior laryngeal

88
Q

3 layers of the pharynx

A

1.outer muscular
2.middle fibrous
3.inner mucous

89
Q

what is the outer muscular layer of pharynx made of

A

outer circular

inner longitudinal

90
Q

what makes up the outer circular layer in pharynx

A

three constrictor: superior, middle and inferior muscles.

plant pots

91
Q

what makes up the inner longitudinal layer of pharynx muscle x3

A

i. Stylophryngeas
ii. Salpingopharyngeus
iii. Palatopharyngeus

92
Q

where does the pharynx get innervation from
and what makes it up x2
and what does each do

A

pharyngeal plexus

vagus + glossopharyngeal

vagus- motor
glossopharyngeal- sensory

93
Q

what do the longitudinal muscles of larynx do during swallowing

A

shorten and widen pharynx and elevate oesophagus

94
Q

what is waldeyers ring

A

a collection of lymphoid tissue that protects the entrance to the oropharynx.

95
Q

what is in waldeyers ring

A
  • 2x pharyngeal tonsils- adenoids
  • 2x Palatine tonsils
  • Tubal tonsil
  • Linguinal tonsils
96
Q

what are the 3 blue things

what bone are they a part of

A

dark blue = superior concha
midle = middle concha
light = inferior concha

sup and mid = ethmoid bone
inferior = an indapendent bone

97
Q

what are the 3 orange/ yelow things

A

dark orange = nasal bone
middle orange = lacrimal bone
yellow = cribiform plate of ethmoid

98
Q

whats the red thing

A

Medial pterygoid plate of
sphenoid bone

99
Q

whats the brown bit

A

lat process pf septal cartilage

100
Q

whats the purple bit

101
Q

whats the grey bit

A

Perpendicular plate of
palentine bone

102
Q

what are the 3 blue things

A

dark = sup concha
middle = middle concha
inf = inferior concah

103
Q

what are the 3 things on the left

A

yellow = superior concha
blue = middle concha
pink = inferior concha

104
Q

what are the 3 things on the right

A

blue = superior meatus
purple = middle meatus
red = inferior meatus

105
Q

name the green thing

what passes trough it

A

mental foramen

mental nerve- branch of mandibular

106
Q

what are the red and blue things

A

red = condyloid process

blue = coronoid process

condyloid as round

107
Q

what are the grey and brown parts

A

grey = angle of mandible
brown = mental protuberance

108
Q

name the 3 boxes

A

purple = palatoglossal arch
glossal as further forward- nearer tongue

grey = palatine tonsils

blue = palatopharyngeal arch

109
Q

name the 4 boxes

A

purple = palatine tonsils

red = circumvallate papillae

blue = linguinal tonsil

brown = eppiglottis

110
Q

whats the blue but

A

deep linguinal vein

111
Q

whats the yellow bit

112
Q

whats the purple bit

A

submandibular ducts

113
Q

whats the pink muscle

A

palatoglossus- on soft palate

114
Q

the blue muscle

A

styloglossus

115
Q

whats the purple muscle

A

genioglossus

116
Q

the orangemuscle

A

hyloglossus

117
Q

whats te yellow thing

A

epiglottis

118
Q

whats the blue thing

A

arytenoid cartilage

119
Q

whats the red thing

A

cricoid cartilage

120
Q

what are the 2 membranes on the left

A

green = thyrohyoid membrane

red = cricothyroid membrane

121
Q

what are the 2 cartilages on the right

A

orange = thyroid
blue = cricoid

122
Q

whats in the 3 boxes

A

green = thyroid cartilage

red = cricoid cartilge

blue = vocal chords

123
Q

identify the 3 boxes

A

pink = vestibular folds
light blue = laryngeal ventrical
dark blue = vocal folds

124
Q

name the 3 red muscles

what layer are they a part of

A

superior
middle
inferior
CONSTRICOTRS

outer circular

125
Q

whats the blue muscle

A

buccinator

126
Q

whats the green muscle

127
Q

whats the grey thing

A

thyroid membrane

128
Q

whats the orange thing

A

cricothyroid

129
Q

name all the features in waldeyers ring

A

orange = adenoid
blue = tubal tonsil
pink = palatine tonsil
purple = linguinal tonsil

130
Q

whats this

131
Q

whats the orange muscle

132
Q

what are all the blue boxes pointing to

A

true vocal chords

133
Q

what are all the red boxes pointing to

A

false vocal chords

134
Q

whats the only muscle that opens the mouth

A

lateral pterygoid

135
Q

what drains into the different meatuses of the nose

A

superior = post ethmoid air cells

middle =
ant and middle ethmoid air cells
maxillary
frontal air cells

inferior = nasolacrimal duct

136
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

muscles that start and end in the actual tongue itself:
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse muscles
Vertical muscles

NOTE: if an exam points to this area, the answer should be intrinsic muscles

137
Q

name the 2 green and the purple muscles

A

dark green = tensor veli palitini
ligh green = levator veli palitini

purple = palatopharyngeus

138
Q

name the 3 red muscles

A

red = superior constrictor
magenta = middle constrictor
pink = inferior constrictor

139
Q

whats the pink muscle

A

palatoglossus

140
Q

At what vertebral level does the larynx continue as the trachea

141
Q

Which of the following is an unpaired bone that forms part of the skeleton of the nose?

Select one:
a. nasal
b. Sphenoid
c. mandible
d. Ethmoid

A

d. Ethmoid

142
Q

what does the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid forms part of

A

nasal septum

143
Q

whats the green bone

144
Q

whats the yellow bone

145
Q

whats A

A

ethmoidal air cell

146
Q

identify A and B

A

A = ethmoid air cell
B = sphenoid air cell

147
Q

what type of cartilage is found in the TMJ

A

fibrocartilage

148
Q

what tooth is this

A

premolar 1

149
Q

Which muscle causes protraction of the jaw?

A

lateral pterygoid

150
Q

what passes through the red foramen

A

Inferior alveolar nerve

151
Q

Name the muscle that attaches to the inner surface of area A in the image below

A

medial pterygoid

152
Q

identify A

153
Q

what nerve is affected

A

right hypoglossal

154
Q

identify A

A

lateral pterygoid

more on it’s side- more lateral

155
Q

identify A, B and C

A

A = trigeminal nerve ganglion
B = lingual nerve
C = inf alveolar

156
Q

whats A

what lies between A and B

A

palatoglossus- notice how it goes from tongue to soft palate

palatine tonsil

Yr 2 Anatomy (26 decks)

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