Anatomy and Physiology of Neck Flashcards
boundaries of the anterior triangle
Anterior: midline of the neck
Posterior: anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
boundaries of posterior triangle
-Anterior: posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
-Posterior: anterior border of trapezius
contents of anterior triangle arteries, veins, nerves, lymph
Common carotid (+ ext and int)
facial artery
IJV
Facial vein
9,10,11,12
Laryngeal branch of 10
Submandibular nodes
Submental nodes
(main artery and vein- carotid and IJV
last 4 nerves and main branch of X
anterior so lymph from front of face)
contents of posterior triangle arteries, veins, nerves, lymph
Occipital artery
External jugular vein
Accessory nerve
Cervical nerve plexus
Lymph nodes
**occipital as at the back
EJV as its left over from IJV in ant
accesory nerve as that supplies 2 muscles in back of neck
what level does the common carotid devide at
C4
what is the only artery with branches in the neck
external carotid
where do the lymph in the neck drain to
first then last
cisterna chyli- think a cold cistern of lymph
thoracic duct of left
what nodes drain the scalp
occipital
cause of lymphadenopathy x3
IIM
INFECTIVE
INFLAMMATORY
MALIGNANT
what other substance does the thyroid gland produce
and what does it do
calcitonin
lower calcium and raise phosphate
4 different types of thyroid cancer
Papillary
Follicular
Medullary
Anaplastic
causes of the different types of thyroid cancer: papillary
lymph metastasis
causes of the different types of thyroid cancer: follicular
haematogenous metastasis
causes of the different types of thyroid cancer: medullary
familial association
10% parafollicular C cells
“medulla- me motha”
causes of the different types of thyroid cancer: anaplastic
age type
prognosis
local spread
very old
poor prognosis
think hard, old plastic- would be very bad to have it in the thyroid so poor prognosis, and can’t move very easily so is only from local spread
causes of diffuse thyroid enlargment x6
Cats
Probably
Get
Thyroid
Problems
Internationally
Colloid goitre
Puberty
Grave’s disease
Thyroiditis
Pregnancy, lactation
Iodine deficiency
cause of colloid goitre
hyperplasia
what does graves disease cause
“PATH to the grave yard”
Pre-tibial myxoedema
Acropachy/clubbing
Thyroid eye disease
HYPERthyroidism
treatment for graves x4
anti-thyroids
beta-blockade
radio-iodine
surgery
indications for thryoidectomy x5
CRAM T
Cosmesis
Retrosternal
Airway obstruction
Malignancy or suspected malignancy
Thyrotoxicosis
causes of multinodular goitre x2
Grave’s disease
toxic goitre
3 things that commonly occur with toxic goitre
Older
no eye signs
atrial fibrillation
amount of parathyroid glands
function
location
4 (usually)
Regulate calcium & phosphate levels
Located posterior to poles of thyroid
symptoms of parathyroid diseases
PAPA
PAINFUL STONES
ACHING BONES
PSYCHIC MOANS
ABDOMINAL GROANS
when is parathyroid disease operated on
when its HYPER
symptoms of hyperparathyroidism
hyper - HAM
Hyperplasia
Adenoma
Malignancy (rare)
4 fascia of neck
Pre-tracheal
Pre-vertebral
Deep cervical
Carotid sheath
causes of the different types of stridor
Inspiratory - upper: laryngeal
Expiratory - tracheobronchial- asthma
Biphasic – lower: glottic/subglottic
treatment for stridor x4
O2
Nebulised Adrenaline
IV Dexamethasone
(Definitive) airway management
treatment for branchial cyst
Excised to prevent further infection
symptoms of pharyngeal pouch x5
Voice hoarseness
Regurgitation
Dysphagia
Weight loss
Aspiration pneumonia
basically what you would expect from an issue in the pharynx plus aspiration pneumonia
diagnosis of pharyngeal pouch
treatment
Barium swallow
excision (endoscopic or open); dilate
