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ESA3 - Head and Neck > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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2
Q

Where do most nerves that are responsible for eye movements arise from?

A

Midbrain

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3
Q

Where are the cardiovascular and respiratory centres?

A

Medulla

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4
Q

What is decussation?

A

The crossing of nerve fibres in an X

the body is controlled by the contralateral side of the brain

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5
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

A groove in the brain separating adjacent gyri

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6
Q

What is a gyrus?

A

A ridge/fold in the brain

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7
Q

What is a fissure in the brain?

A

A large crack/split between adjacent large areas of the brain

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8
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Higher cognition, speech, motor function

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9
Q

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Sensation, spatial awareness

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10
Q

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

Memory, smell, hearing

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11
Q

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

A

Vision

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12
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

Co-ordination and motor learning

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13
Q

What separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

Central sulcus

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14
Q

What is the optic chiasm?

A

An X shaped structure where optic fibres cross over

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15
Q

Why can you get visual disturbances with a pituitary tumour?

A

Pituitary sits close to optic chiasm

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16
Q

What is the uncus?

A

Part of the temporal lobe which can herniate and compress the midbrain of the brainstem

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17
Q

Which cranial fossae are filled by the cerebrum?

A

Anterior and middle

18
Q

What 2 different types of tissue comprise the cerebrum?

A

Grey matter - surface of each cerebral hemisphere - processing and cognition

White matter - deeper parts of the brain - glial cells and myelinated axons connecting the various grey matter areas

19
Q

What divides the two hemispheres of the brain?

A

Longitudinal fissure

20
Q

What is the name of the white matter structure connecting the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

Corpus callosum

21
Q

What separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe?

A

Lateral sulcus

22
Q

What is the lunate sulcus?

A

Groove located in the occipital cortex

23
Q

What lobe does the precentral gyrus belong to?

A

Frontal lobe (anterior to central sulcus)

24
Q

What lobe does the postcentral gyrus belong to?

A

Parietal lobe (posterior to central sulcus)

25
Q

What is the location of the primary motor cortex?

A

Precentral gyrus (of the frontal lobe)

26
Q

What is the location of the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

Postcentral gyrus (of the parietal lobe)

27
Q

What gyrus is responsible for the reception and processing of sound?

A

Superior temporal gyrus (of the temporal lobe)

28
Q

In which lobe is the primary auditory cortex?

A

Temporal lobe

29
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex?

A

Occipital lobe

30
Q

Describe the presentation of a stroke patient who’s frontal lobe has been affected

A

Personality changes, inability to solve problems

31
Q

Describe the presentation of a stroke patient who’s parietal lobe has been affected

A

Attention deficits, contralateral hemispatial neglect syndrome (where the patient does not pay attention to the side of the body opposite the lesion)

32
Q

Describe the presentation of a stroke patient who’s temporal lobe has been affected

A

Recognition deficits (inability to recognise basic sounds, faces)

33
Q

Describe the presentation of a stroke patient who’s occipital lobe has been affected

A

Visual field deficits

34
Q

In which cranial fossa does the cerebellum sit?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

35
Q

What separates the cerebellum from the occipital and temporal lobes?

A

Tentorium cerebelli (tough layer of dura)

36
Q

What important role does the thalamus play?

A

Relaying sensory information that ascends up from the body before being relayed to the cortex

37
Q

What makes up the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior part of pituitary, pineal gland

38
Q

What structures make up the forebrain?

A

Cerebrum + diencephalon

39
Q

Name some structures included in the hindbrain

A

Cerebellum, pons, medulla

40
Q

How does venous blood from cerebral veins in the subarachnoid space get into the superior sagittal sinus?

A

Via bridging veins which span the arachnoid and dural layers

41
Q

How does venous blood get from cerebral veins to the IJV in the neck?

A

Cerebral veins -> superior sagittal sinus -> confluence of sinuses -> transverse sinus -> sigmoid sinus -> IJV

42
Q

Where is the superior sagittal sinus located?

A

Longitudinal fissure

ESA3 - Head and Neck (17 decks)

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