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ESA3 - Head and Neck > Development of the Head and Neck > Flashcards

Development of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

How many pharyngeal arches are there?

A

5 (1,2,3,4,6)

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2
Q

Which cranial nerve is associated with the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

Trigeminal (CN V)

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3
Q

Which cranial nerve is associated with the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

Facial (CN VII)

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4
Q

Which cranial nerve is associated with the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

CN IX

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5
Q

Which cranial nerve is associated with the 4th pharyngeal arch?

A

CN X (superior laryngeal)

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6
Q

Which cranial nerve is associated with the 6th pharyngeal arch?

A

CN X (recurrent laryngeal)

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7
Q

Which cartilage is associated with the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

Meckel’s cartilage (becomes mandible)

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8
Q

Which cartilage is associated with the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

Reichert’s cartilage (stapes, hyoid bone)

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9
Q

Which cartilage is associated with the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?

A

Cartilages of larynx

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10
Q

What does the 1st pharyngeal pouch become?

A

Eustachian tube and middle ear cavity

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11
Q

What does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch become?

A

Palatine tonsil

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12
Q

What do the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches become?

A

PTH gland and thymus

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13
Q

What does the 1st pharyngeal cleft become?

A

External auditory meatus

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14
Q

How many cranial nerves are associated with pharyngeal arches?

A

4 - (CNs V, VII, IX and X)

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15
Q

What are muscles of mastication derived from?

A

Ph Arch 1

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16
Q

What are muscles of facial expression derived from?

A

Ph Arch 2

17
Q

What is stylopharyngeus derived from?

A

Ph Arch 3

18
Q

What is cricothyroid and pharyngeal constrictor muscles derived from?

A

Ph Arch 4

19
Q

What muscles are derived from Ph Arch 6?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx

20
Q

Describe the origins of the pituitary gland

A

Rathke’s pouch - ectoderm - AP

Infudibulum - neuroectoderm - PP

21
Q

What embryonic structures contribute to the development of the face?

A

Frontonasal prominence and the 1st and 2nd Ph Arches

22
Q

What structures in the developing face must fuse to form the upper lip and jaw?

A

Frontonasal prominence and medial nasal prominence

23
Q

How does cleft lip and palate arise?

A

Failure of the frontonasal prominence to fuse with maxillary prominence

24
Q

How is Treacher-Collins syndrome inherited?

A

Autosomal dominant

25
Q

How is Treacher-Collins syndrome characterised?

A

Hypoplasia of mandible and facial bones

26
Q

What is Di-George syndrome?

A

Congenital thymic aplasia and absence of parathyroid glands (3rd and 4th Ph Arches involved)

ESA3 - Head and Neck (17 decks)

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