NEUROANATOMY Flashcards
CNS +?
brain and spinal cord
telencephalon becomes?
cerebral hemispheres
diencephalon becomes
thalamus and hypothalamus
mesencephalon becomes?
mid brain
metencephalon becomes?
pons, cerebellum
myelencephalon becomes?
medulla oblongata
brain stem +?
midbrain+ pons+medulla oblongata
what types of cells are there in the nervouse system?
neurones and glial cells
what are the 4 types of glial cells
astrocytes- support and maintain bllood-brain barrier
oligodendrocytes- produce myelin
microglia- immune monitoring and antigen presentation
ependymal cells- ciliated lining in ventricles
dip /valley in the brain
sulcus
bump/hill in the brain
gyrus
deep sulcus also known as?
fissure
grey matter on outside (MAINLY)
white matter on inside?
brain
divides motor areas from sensory areas?
central sulcus
carries information between the hemispheres
corpus callosum
pain perception?
cingulate gyrus
function of the fornix
memory
what is the interthalamic adhesion?
junction between both thalami
in the cerebellum what is a gyrus called?
folium
suspends spinal cord in spinal canal?
denticulate ligament
name the arteries which supply the spine/spinal cord?
3 major longitudinal arteries (1 ant and 2 post)
segemental arteries
radicular arteries
what is the name of the space between dura matter and bone in the spinal cord?
epidural space
what system/colunm is this?
fibres cross at the medulla (and also synapse here)
deals with fine touch and proprioception
dorsal column/medial leminuscus system
names 2 somatosensory tracts
dorsal colum/medial leminscus system
spinothalamic tract
what sensory tract is this?
carries pain, temp, deep pressure
fibres cross segmentally and synapse in thalamus
spinto thalamic
name 4 motor tracts?
corticospinal tract
tectospinal tract
reticulospinal tract
vestibulospinal tract
what motor tract does this describe?
fine precise movement,
crossed fibres form the lateral
uncrossed fibres form the ventral
85% fibres cross in caudal medulla at decussation of pyramids
corticospinal tract
what motor tract is this?
input mostly to cervical segements
thought to mediate relfex head and neck movement due to visual stimuli
tectospinal tract
what motor tract does this describe?
fibres originating in pons faciciltate extensor movements and inhibit flexor movements where as fibres from the medulla do the oppsoite
reticulospinal tract
what motor tract does this describe?
excitatory input into anti-gravity extensor muscles
fibres originate in vestibular nuclei of pons and medulla
vestibulospinal tract
where is tentorium cerebelli?
between brain and cerebellum
where is falx cerebelei?
behind cerebellum
what attaches cerebellum to the brain stem?
peduncles (3 stalks) superior, middle and inferior
what are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex?
molecular layer (outer) pukinje cell layer (middle)
granular cell layer (inner)
out put from cerebellum is via?
purkinje fibres
function of the basal ganglia?
facilitate purposeful movement and inhibit unwanted movement
role in posture and muscle tone
what 5 things make up the basal ganglia?
caudate nucleus putamen globus pallidus subthalamic nuclea substania nigra
degeneration of dopaminergic neurones of substania nigra… what disease is this?
parkinsons
how does the basal ganglia work with the motor cortex to enhance normal movement?
enhances outflow of thalamus to enhance desired movement
what 2 diseases are associated with basical ganglia dysfunction?
parkinsons and huntingtons
unilateral lesions of basal ganglia affect what side?
contralateral side of body
damage to the broca area means you will have problems with what?
producing speech
damage to wernicke’s area means you will have problmes with what?
comprehending language
inability to produce language?
aphasia
