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Neurology year 3 > NEUROANATOMY > Flashcards

NEUROANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

CNS +?

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

telencephalon becomes?

A

cerebral hemispheres

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3
Q

diencephalon becomes

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

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4
Q

mesencephalon becomes?

A

mid brain

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5
Q

metencephalon becomes?

A

pons, cerebellum

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6
Q

myelencephalon becomes?

A

medulla oblongata

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7
Q

brain stem +?

A

midbrain+ pons+medulla oblongata

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8
Q

what types of cells are there in the nervouse system?

A

neurones and glial cells

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9
Q

what are the 4 types of glial cells

A

astrocytes- support and maintain bllood-brain barrier

oligodendrocytes- produce myelin
microglia- immune monitoring and antigen presentation

ependymal cells- ciliated lining in ventricles

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10
Q

dip /valley in the brain

A

sulcus

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11
Q

bump/hill in the brain

A

gyrus

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12
Q

deep sulcus also known as?

A

fissure

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13
Q

grey matter on outside (MAINLY)

white matter on inside?

A

brain

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14
Q

divides motor areas from sensory areas?

A

central sulcus

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15
Q

carries information between the hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

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16
Q

pain perception?

A

cingulate gyrus

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17
Q

function of the fornix

A

memory

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18
Q

what is the interthalamic adhesion?

A

junction between both thalami

19
Q

in the cerebellum what is a gyrus called?

A

folium

20
Q

suspends spinal cord in spinal canal?

A

denticulate ligament

21
Q

name the arteries which supply the spine/spinal cord?

A

3 major longitudinal arteries (1 ant and 2 post)
segemental arteries
radicular arteries

22
Q

what is the name of the space between dura matter and bone in the spinal cord?

A

epidural space

23
Q

what system/colunm is this?

fibres cross at the medulla (and also synapse here)

deals with fine touch and proprioception

A

dorsal column/medial leminuscus system

24
Q

names 2 somatosensory tracts

A

dorsal colum/medial leminscus system

spinothalamic tract

25
Q

what sensory tract is this?

carries pain, temp, deep pressure

fibres cross segmentally and synapse in thalamus

A

spinto thalamic

26
Q

name 4 motor tracts?

A

corticospinal tract

tectospinal tract

reticulospinal tract

vestibulospinal tract

27
Q

what motor tract does this describe?

fine precise movement,
crossed fibres form the lateral

uncrossed fibres form the ventral

85% fibres cross in caudal medulla at decussation of pyramids

A

corticospinal tract

28
Q

what motor tract is this?

input mostly to cervical segements

thought to mediate relfex head and neck movement due to visual stimuli

A

tectospinal tract

29
Q

what motor tract does this describe?

fibres originating in pons faciciltate extensor movements and inhibit flexor movements where as fibres from the medulla do the oppsoite

A

reticulospinal tract

30
Q

what motor tract does this describe?

excitatory input into anti-gravity extensor muscles

fibres originate in vestibular nuclei of pons and medulla

A

vestibulospinal tract

31
Q

where is tentorium cerebelli?

A

between brain and cerebellum

32
Q

where is falx cerebelei?

A

behind cerebellum

33
Q

what attaches cerebellum to the brain stem?

A

peduncles (3 stalks) superior, middle and inferior

34
Q

what are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A 
molecular layer (outer)
pukinje cell layer (middle)

granular cell layer (inner)

35
Q

out put from cerebellum is via?

A

purkinje fibres

36
Q

function of the basal ganglia?

A

facilitate purposeful movement and inhibit unwanted movement

role in posture and muscle tone

37
Q

what 5 things make up the basal ganglia?

A 
caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
subthalamic nuclea
substania nigra
38
Q

degeneration of dopaminergic neurones of substania nigra… what disease is this?

A

parkinsons

39
Q

how does the basal ganglia work with the motor cortex to enhance normal movement?

A

enhances outflow of thalamus to enhance desired movement

40
Q

what 2 diseases are associated with basical ganglia dysfunction?

A

parkinsons and huntingtons

41
Q

unilateral lesions of basal ganglia affect what side?

A

contralateral side of body

42
Q

damage to the broca area means you will have problems with what?

A

producing speech

43
Q

damage to wernicke’s area means you will have problmes with what?

A

comprehending language

44
Q

inability to produce language?

A

aphasia

Neurology year 3 (30 decks)

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