NEUROANATOMY

Question 1

CNS +?

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

telencephalon becomes?

Answer 2

cerebral hemispheres

Question 3

diencephalon becomes

Answer 3

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 4

mesencephalon becomes?

Answer 4

mid brain

Question 5

metencephalon becomes?

Answer 5

pons, cerebellum

Question 6

myelencephalon becomes?

Answer 6

medulla oblongata

Question 7

brain stem +?

Answer 7

midbrain+ pons+medulla oblongata

Question 8

what types of cells are there in the nervouse system?

Answer 8

neurones and glial cells

Question 9

what are the 4 types of glial cells

Answer 9

astrocytes- support and maintain bllood-brain barrier

oligodendrocytes- produce myelin
microglia- immune monitoring and antigen presentation

ependymal cells- ciliated lining in ventricles

Question 10

dip /valley in the brain

Answer 10

sulcus

Question 11

bump/hill in the brain

Answer 11

gyrus

Question 12

deep sulcus also known as?

Answer 12

fissure

Question 13

grey matter on outside (MAINLY)

white matter on inside?

Answer 13

brain

Question 14

divides motor areas from sensory areas?

Answer 14

central sulcus

Question 15

carries information between the hemispheres

Answer 15

corpus callosum

Question 16

pain perception?

Answer 16

cingulate gyrus

Question 17

function of the fornix

Answer 17

memory

Question 18

what is the interthalamic adhesion?

Answer 18

junction between both thalami

Question 19

in the cerebellum what is a gyrus called?

Answer 19

folium

Question 20

suspends spinal cord in spinal canal?

Answer 20

denticulate ligament

Question 21

name the arteries which supply the spine/spinal cord?

Answer 21

3 major longitudinal arteries (1 ant and 2 post)
segemental arteries
radicular arteries

Question 22

what is the name of the space between dura matter and bone in the spinal cord?

Answer 22

epidural space

Question 23

what system/colunm is this?

fibres cross at the medulla (and also synapse here)

deals with fine touch and proprioception

Answer 23

dorsal column/medial leminuscus system

Question 24

names 2 somatosensory tracts

Answer 24

dorsal colum/medial leminscus system

spinothalamic tract

Question 25

what sensory tract is this? carries pain, temp, deep pressure fibres cross segmentally and synapse in thalamus

Answer 25

spinto thalamic

Question 26

name 4 motor tracts?

Answer 26

corticospinal tract tectospinal tract reticulospinal tract vestibulospinal tract

Question 27

what motor tract does this describe? fine precise movement, crossed fibres form the lateral uncrossed fibres form the ventral 85% fibres cross in caudal medulla at decussation of pyramids

Answer 27

corticospinal tract

Question 28

what motor tract is this? input mostly to cervical segements thought to mediate relfex head and neck movement due to visual stimuli

Answer 28

tectospinal tract

Question 29

what motor tract does this describe? fibres originating in pons faciciltate extensor movements and inhibit flexor movements where as fibres from the medulla do the oppsoite

Answer 29

reticulospinal tract

Question 30

what motor tract does this describe? excitatory input into anti-gravity extensor muscles fibres originate in vestibular nuclei of pons and medulla

Answer 30

vestibulospinal tract

Question 31

where is tentorium cerebelli?

Answer 31

between brain and cerebellum

Question 32

where is falx cerebelei?

Answer 32

behind cerebellum

Question 33

what attaches cerebellum to the brain stem?

Answer 33

peduncles (3 stalks) superior, middle and inferior

Question 34

what are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 34

``` molecular layer (outer) pukinje cell layer (middle) ``` granular cell layer (inner)

Question 35

out put from cerebellum is via?

Answer 35

purkinje fibres

Question 36

function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 36

facilitate purposeful movement and inhibit unwanted movement role in posture and muscle tone

Question 37

what 5 things make up the basal ganglia?

Answer 37

``` caudate nucleus putamen globus pallidus subthalamic nuclea substania nigra ```

Question 38

degeneration of dopaminergic neurones of substania nigra... what disease is this?

Answer 38

parkinsons

Question 39

how does the basal ganglia work with the motor cortex to enhance normal movement?

Answer 39

enhances outflow of thalamus to enhance desired movement

Question 40

what 2 diseases are associated with basical ganglia dysfunction?

Answer 40

parkinsons and huntingtons

Question 41

unilateral lesions of basal ganglia affect what side?

Answer 41

contralateral side of body

Question 42

damage to the broca area means you will have problems with what?

Answer 42

producing speech

Question 43

damage to wernicke's area means you will have problmes with what?

Answer 43

comprehending language

Question 44

inability to produce language?

Answer 44

aphasia