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Neurology year 3 > CNS infections > Flashcards

CNS infections Flashcards

1
Q

what can untreated infection in the CNS lead to?

A

brain herniation–» death

spinal cord compression–»paralysis

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2
Q

acute encephalitis=?

A

infection of the parenchyma

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3
Q

neutrophils on subarachnoid space is typical of?

A

bacterial meningitis

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4
Q

common cause of viral meningits?

A

enterovirus e.g ECHO virus

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5
Q

how to diagnose viral meningitis?

A

viral stool culture
throat swab
CSF PCR

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6
Q

what can cause viral encephalitis

A

herpes simplex- diagnose this fast and give high dose acciclovir
varicella zoster- history of shingles..give high does aciclovir

occupation related- rabies
travel related
autoimmune

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7
Q

clinical features of encephalitis?

A 
usually insidious onset (sometimes sudden)
stupor, coma
seizures
partial paralysis
confusion
physocosis
speech and memory symptoms
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8
Q

what invetsogations would you do for encephalitis?

A

lumbar puncture
MRI
EEG

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9
Q

common cause of bacterial meningitis in the eldderly?

A

pneumococcal> listeria

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10
Q

most common of cause bacterial meningitis in neonates?

A

listeria, group B strep, E.coli

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11
Q

common cause of bacterial meningitis in children

A

H.influenzae

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12
Q

common cause of bacterial meningitis in people ages 10-21?

A

meningococcal

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13
Q

,most common cause of bacterial meningitis in those 21>

A

pneumococcal > meningococcal

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14
Q

what bug causes meningococcal meningitis?

A

N.meningitidis

normally found in the throat of healthy carriers

symptoms are due to endotoxin

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15
Q

where is strep.peumoniae usually found?

A

nasopharynx

people most likely to get this are diabetics
people in hospital
alcoholics
children

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16
Q

how do you normally treat bacterial meningitis?

A

ceftriaxone

17
Q

how do you treat meningitis caused by listeria?

A

IV ampicillin/amoxicillin

18
Q

what are the clinical signs of bacterial meningitis?

A 
fever
stiff neck
alteration of consciousness
headache
vomiting
photophobia
lethary
rash
confusion
19
Q

what would these findings from a lumbar puncture indicate/

WBC> 2000
neutrophils >1180
protein> 220mg/dl
glucose

A

bacterial meningitis

always treat with antibiotics before lumbar puncture
dont wait!!

20
Q

signs of aseptic meningitis?

A

low WBC
not as high protein
normal glucose

21
Q

as well as antibiotic what should also be given to all patients with bacterial meningitis?

A

STEROID

22
Q

a fungal meningitis mainly seen in HIV disease

A

cryptococcal

Neurology year 3 (30 decks)

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