cranial nerve anatomy Flashcards
CN I
olfactory
CN II
optic
CN III
oculomotor
CN IV
trochlear
CN V
trigeminal
CN VI
abducent
CN VII
facial
CN VIII
vestibulocochlear
CN IX
glossopharyngeal
CN V
vagus
CN VI
spinal acccessory
CN VII
hypogloassal
what does CN I olfactory nerve do?
special sensory-smell
what cranial formaina does CN I the olfactory nerve pass through?
cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
how do you test CN I ?
ask the patient to smell a familiar smell whilst covering other nostril
what does CN II optic nerve do?
special sensory - vision
what cranial forimina does the optic nerve travel through?
optic canal
where dies the optic nerve connect with the CNS?
diencephalon
how do you test the optic nerve?
many way:
snellen chart (acuity) colour fields (quadrants) pupil reflexes fundoscopy
where does the oculomotor nerve connect with the CNS?
midbrain
what does the occulomotor nerve do?
eye movement to most of muscles pupil constriction (parasympathetic)
what cranial foramina does the occulomotor nerve pass through?
superior orbital fissure
travels to orbit in lateral wall of cavernous sinus
how to test the occulomotor nerve?
use light to test for pupillary constriction
and H test for movement
what does the trochlear nerve do?
eye movement (superior oblique)
what formamina does the trochlear nerve go through?
superior orbital fissure
travels to orbit in lateral wall of cavernous sinus
test with H test
what does the abducent nerve do?
eye movement (lateral rectus)
what foramina does the abducent nerve pass through?
superior orbital fissure
travels to orbit within cavernous sinus!!
what does the vestibulocochlear nerve do?
hearing and balance
which foramina does the vestibulocochlear nerve pass through?
internal acoustic meatus
how do you test the vestibulocochlear nerve?
rinnie and webers test
what does the spinal accessory nerve do?
motor to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
which cranial foramina does the spinal accessory nerve travel through?
jugular foramen
how do test the spinal accessory nerve?
ask them shrug shoulders
ask them to turn head and flex neck
what does the hypoglossal nerve do?
motor to tongue muscles (most of them)
what formamen does the hypoglossal nerve travel through?
hypoglossal canal
where does CN VI connect with the CNS?
ponto medullary junction
where does the spinal accessory nerve connect with the CNS?
cervical spinal cord
where does teh hypoglossal nerve connect with the CNS?
via rootlets lateral to the pyramids of the medulla oblongata
how do you test the hypogloassal nerve?
ask them to stick out tongue
if there is CN VII pathology the tongue will point to the damaged side
what are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
opthalmic- sensory
maxillary- sensory
mandibular- sensory and motor
where does the trigeminal nerve connect with the CNS
pons
what foraminae does the trigeminal nerve go through?
ophthalmic- superior orbital fissure
maxillary- foramen rotundum
mandibular- foramen ovale
what nerve supplies sensory here?
bone and soft tissue of orbit
upper anterior nasal cavity
paranasal sinuses
ant and posterior cranial fossae
forehead and nose (not nostrils), eyebrows and upper eyelid
CN V1 ophthalmic part of trigeminal
what nerve supplies sensory here?
lower posterior nasal cavity maxilla and maxillary sinus floor of nasal cavity nostris upper lip
CN V2- maxillary part of trigeminal
what nerve supplies sensory here?
middle cranial fossa mandible ant 2/3rd tongue mouth floor buccal mucosa lower lip and chin
mandibular part of trigeminal
what are the 3 pairs of jaw CLOSING muscles?
masseter
temporalis
medial pterygoid
what pair of muscles opens the jaw?
lateral pterygoid
what nerve supplies teh jaw opening and jaw closing muscles?
mandibular part of trigeminal nerve
how do you test CN V?
1/ sensory- ask them to close eyes and brush each dermatome with fine tip cotton wool and ask if they feel
2/ motor- palpate strength og masseter and temporalis by getting them to clench teeth and get them to open jaw against resistance
where does the facial nerve connect with CNS?
pontomedullary junction
what does the facial nerve do?
taste
motor
parasympathetic
what foraminae does it travel through?
in-internal acoustic meatus
out - stylomastoid foramen
chorda tympani is a branch of the facial nerve, what does it do?
taste buds of ant 2/3rd of tongue and parasympathic supply to submandibular and sublingual glands
how do you test the facial nerve?
ask to raise eyebrows
close eyes tightly
smile
puff cheeks out and hold breath
where does the glossopharyngeal nerve connect with the CNS?
medulla
what foramen does the glossopharyngeal nerve pass through?
jugular formamen
provides sensory to eustachian tube?
glossopharyngeal nerve
provides sensory to post 1/3 tongue, muscosa of naso and oropharynx and some of laryngopharynx, middle ear cavity and palatine tonsil
glossopharyngeal nerve
parasympathetic supply to parotid gland is via what nerve?
glossopharyngeal
somatic motor to stylopharyngeus?
glossopharyngeal nerve
how to test CN IX?
elicit gag reflex
where does the vagus nerve connect with the CNS?
medulla
what foramen does the jugular nerve travel through?
jugular foramen
runs in the carotid sheath
vagus nerve
how to test vagus nerve?
ask patient to say ahhh and uvula will point away from damaged side to the normal side
ask to swallow water and watch movement of larynx
listen to speech- if hoarse this may suggest pathology
what nerve is most lateral?
CN VIII
