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The Mediverse 2.2 > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The nervous system comprises the _________________ and _______________ nervous systems

A

Central
Peripheral

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2
Q

The brain and spinal cord make up the ________________ nervous system

A

Central

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3
Q

____________, _____________ and ____________ make up the brain stem of the brain

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

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4
Q

Synapses are formed when _________

A

A neuron comes in contact with another neuron

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5
Q

The connection between a neuron and a muscle is termed a _______________

A

Neuromuscular junction

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6
Q

Nerves found in the central nervous system are called ____________

A

Tracts

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7
Q

Transmission of nerve impulses are multi-directional
True/False

A

False
Impulses travel only in one direction

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8
Q

A typical synapse is formed by the contact between the ____________ of a neuron and the ______________ of another

A

Dendrite
Axon terminal

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9
Q

In a situation where the terminal bouton of neuron A connects with the dendrite of neuron B, which is the presynaptic neuron?

A

Neuron A

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10
Q

Morphological
Ultrastructural
Functional

The above are _____________ of synapses

A

Classifications

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11
Q

____________ synapses are classified based on the neuronal components taking part in the synapse

A

Morphological

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12
Q

Axosomatic
Axodendritic
Dendritoaxonic
Dendriosomatic

The above are examples of ________________ classification of synapses

A

Morphological

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13
Q

What differentiates an Axoaxonic synapse from a serial synapse?

A

In Axoaxonic synapses , connection is made along the length of the other axon

In Serial synapses, both axons connect on the terminal bouton

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14
Q

_______________ classification of synapses are based on the neurotransmitters released by the synapse and their active sites

A

Ultrastructural

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15
Q

In the CNS, nerve fibres are called?

A

Tracts

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16
Q

In the PNS, nerve fibres are called?

A

Peripheral nerves

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17
Q

Nerve fibres comprise neurite processes, including?

A
  1. Axon
  2. Dendrites
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18
Q

What are peripheral nerves?

A

They are bundles of neurite processes

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19
Q

Nerves that transmit impulses to the sensory from the CNS is?

A

Afferent or motor neurones

20
Q

Nerve fibres that return impulse from the sensory organs too the CNS are called?

A

Efferent or sensory neurones

21
Q

Unmyelinated axons have a single covering called?

A

Schwann cell

22
Q

A myelinated axon has?

A

Multiple myelin sheaths

23
Q

The spaces between 2 myelin sheaths is called?

A

Nodes of ranvier

24
Q

Transmission of impulse is faster in myelinated neurones. This is because of?

A

The presence of nodes of Ranvier, which speed up the transmission

25
Q

A collection of nerve fibres in bundles are called?

A

Fascicles

26
Q

There are 3 layers of covering for fascicles, namely?

A
  1. Endoneureum (inner most)
  2. Perineureum (middle)
  3. Epineureum (outer)
27
Q

The membrane of an axon is called?

A

Axolemma

28
Q

The membrane of a myelin sheath is called?

A

Neurilemma

29
Q

Classification of nerves is by?

A
  1. By function
  2. By part innervated
  3. By velocity and Diameter of conduction
30
Q

The destructive changes that take place when a nerve is cut is called

A

Nerve degeneration

31
Q

The proliferative changes that take place after an injury for recovery is termed?

A

Nerve regeneration

32
Q

How soon does nerve degeneration begin?

A

Hours after injury

33
Q

When does nerve regeneration begin?

A

2 weeks after injury

34
Q

Retrograde degeneration is degeneration in the ?

A

Proximal axon or Soma

35
Q

Anterograde degeneration takes place in?

A

The distal Axon

36
Q

When degeneration in one neuron transfers to another neuron, it is termed?

A

Transneuronal degeneration

37
Q

Nissl bodies are composed of?

A

A collection of ribosomes

38
Q

The disappearance of nissl substance is called?

A

Chromatolysis

39
Q

The population of myelinated axons gives what colouration ?

A

White

40
Q

The population of nissl bodies (soma) gives what colouration?

A

Grey colour

41
Q

Factors necessary for regeneration?

A
  1. Absence of infection
  2. Separation or cut should be minimal and not total separation
42
Q

Mention 2 clinical implications of regeneration in myelin sheaths

A
  1. Frey’s syndrome
  2. Neuroma
  3. Painful neurites
  4. Multiple sclerosis
43
Q

A junction between 2 neurones is called?

A

A Synapse

44
Q

The terminal end of an Axon is called?

A

Bouton or synaptic bag

45
Q

The dense cytoplasm on either sides of the synapse is known as?

A

The Active zones

46
Q

The space around the synaptic junction called ?

A

Synaptic cleft

The Mediverse 2.2 (13 decks)

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