Lab Teaching and Instrumentation Flashcards
What is Helsinki declaration?
This is the proper care and use of animals for experiments
____________ is a connective tissue made up of Erythrocytes, Leukocytes and Thrombocytes
Blood
The embryonic stage of erythropoiesis sees red blood cells being produced in the ____________
Yolk sac
The Hepatic stage of erythropoiesis sees red blood cells being produced in the ______________
Liver, Spleen, Lymph nodes
The Myeloid stage of erythropoiesis sees red blood cells being produced in the ____________
Bone marrow
List 4 blood collection sites
Ball of the finger
Puncturing the skin
Ear lobe for adults
Through blood vessels
Outline the blood collection process
Disinfect the area with alcohol
Palpate the area
Puncture 3mm deep with Lancet or syringe
Allow free flow of blood into the capillary tube.
Wet surface allow for blood to form compact drops
________________, ________________, _______________ and _________________ are injection techniques
Intradermal
Hypodermal
Intravenous, and
Intramuscular
What are anticoagulants?
These are substances that prevent the clotting of blood
Blood thinner is another name for _____________
Anticoagulants
_______mg of Oxalate is sufficient to stop clotting of 5ml of blood
10
Heparin is a type of ______________
Anticoagulant
Heparin is produced commercially from _________________
Bovine lungs
What is packed cell volume (PCV)?
This is the percentage volume of red blood cells in a sample of blood
Packed cell volume is also called ___________
Hematocrit
Hematocrit can be used to diagnose blood disorders such as _________
Hypoxia
Systemic ischemia
Anaemia
__________________ and _________________ are the methods for PCV determination
Wintrobe method
Capillary tube method
The stoppage of bleeding after a blood vessel has been punctured, cut or damaged is called _______________
Hemostasis
What are the stages of hemostasis?
Vasoconstriction
Formation of platelet plug
Formation of clot
Fibrinolysis
The time interval between the puncture of a blood vessel to when there is cessation of bleeding is called ________________
Bleeding time
What is clotting time?
This is the time interval from when blood oozes out from an injury to the formation of clot
What is the normal range for bleeding time?
3-6 minutes
What is the normal range for clotting time?
3-8 minutes
________________, _______________ and _______________ are methods of assessing bleeding time
Duke’s method
Ivy’s method
Simplate
What are the methods of assessing clotting time?
Venous blood clotting time
Capillary blood clotting time
Drop method
__________ and ____________ are the important blood group determination systems
ABO
Rhesus (RH)
Clinical importance of knowing blood group
Blood transfusion
Tissue transport
Used in medicolegal cases to settle paternal disputes
______________, _______________ and _____________ are reagents used in the estimation of prothrombin time
Plasma samples
Thromboplastin
Calcium-Chloride 0.025m
Thromboplastin used in the estimation of prothrombin time is obtained from ______________
Human or rabbit brain tissue
Outline the method of prothrombin time estimation
75*10mm tube is placed in a water bath at 37°C
0.1ml of plasma is deposited inside
0.1ml of thromboplastin is added after a 1 minute delay
0.1ml of CaCl 0.025m is added and the mixture is carefully mixed
Submerge lower end of tube and start stopwatch
Formation of fibrin clot marks the end of the process
Normal range of prothrombin time is about _______________
10-14 seconds
What is Erythrocyte sedimentation rate?
This is the rate at which red blood cells settle in a collected blood sample
Why do RBCs settle at the bottom of a blood sample instead of Plasma?
This is because RBCs have a greater specific gravity
2 factors affecting velocity of ESR
Sedimentation rate is directly proportional to size of RBCs
Sedimentation rate is inversely proportional to viscosity of plasma
Increase in rouleaux formation leads to increase in sedimentation rate
ESR is used to ________________
Measure the progression of chronic diseases e.g.Rheumatism, tuberculosis
Normal range of ESR in males is __________
0-5mm/hr
Normal range of ESR in females is __________
0-7mm/hr
Packed cell volume is the same in males as it is in females
True/False
False
PCV in males= 45%
PCV in females= 42%
