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The Mediverse 2.2 > Lab Teaching and Instrumentation > Flashcards

Lab Teaching and Instrumentation Flashcards

1
Q

What is Helsinki declaration?

A

This is the proper care and use of animals for experiments

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2
Q

____________ is a connective tissue made up of Erythrocytes, Leukocytes and Thrombocytes

A

Blood

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3
Q

The embryonic stage of erythropoiesis sees red blood cells being produced in the ____________

A

Yolk sac

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4
Q

The Hepatic stage of erythropoiesis sees red blood cells being produced in the ______________

A

Liver, Spleen, Lymph nodes

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5
Q

The Myeloid stage of erythropoiesis sees red blood cells being produced in the ____________

A

Bone marrow

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6
Q

List 4 blood collection sites

A

Ball of the finger
Puncturing the skin
Ear lobe for adults
Through blood vessels

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7
Q

Outline the blood collection process

A

Disinfect the area with alcohol
Palpate the area
Puncture 3mm deep with Lancet or syringe
Allow free flow of blood into the capillary tube.

Wet surface allow for blood to form compact drops

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8
Q

________________, ________________, _______________ and _________________ are injection techniques

A

Intradermal
Hypodermal
Intravenous, and
Intramuscular

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9
Q

What are anticoagulants?

A

These are substances that prevent the clotting of blood

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10
Q

Blood thinner is another name for _____________

A

Anticoagulants

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11
Q

_______mg of Oxalate is sufficient to stop clotting of 5ml of blood

A

10

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12
Q

Heparin is a type of ______________

A

Anticoagulant

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13
Q

Heparin is produced commercially from _________________

A

Bovine lungs

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14
Q

What is packed cell volume (PCV)?

A

This is the percentage volume of red blood cells in a sample of blood

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15
Q

Packed cell volume is also called ___________

A

Hematocrit

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16
Q

Hematocrit can be used to diagnose blood disorders such as _________

A

Hypoxia
Systemic ischemia
Anaemia

17
Q

__________________ and _________________ are the methods for PCV determination

A

Wintrobe method
Capillary tube method

18
Q

The stoppage of bleeding after a blood vessel has been punctured, cut or damaged is called _______________

A

Hemostasis

19
Q

What are the stages of hemostasis?

A

Vasoconstriction
Formation of platelet plug
Formation of clot
Fibrinolysis

20
Q

The time interval between the puncture of a blood vessel to when there is cessation of bleeding is called ________________

A

Bleeding time

21
Q

What is clotting time?

A

This is the time interval from when blood oozes out from an injury to the formation of clot

22
Q

What is the normal range for bleeding time?

A

3-6 minutes

23
Q

What is the normal range for clotting time?

A

3-8 minutes

24
Q

________________, _______________ and _______________ are methods of assessing bleeding time

A

Duke’s method
Ivy’s method
Simplate

25
Q

What are the methods of assessing clotting time?

A

Venous blood clotting time
Capillary blood clotting time
Drop method

26
Q

__________ and ____________ are the important blood group determination systems

A

ABO
Rhesus (RH)

27
Q

Clinical importance of knowing blood group

A

Blood transfusion
Tissue transport
Used in medicolegal cases to settle paternal disputes

28
Q

______________, _______________ and _____________ are reagents used in the estimation of prothrombin time

A

Plasma samples
Thromboplastin
Calcium-Chloride 0.025m

29
Q

Thromboplastin used in the estimation of prothrombin time is obtained from ______________

A

Human or rabbit brain tissue

30
Q

Outline the method of prothrombin time estimation

A

75*10mm tube is placed in a water bath at 37°C
0.1ml of plasma is deposited inside
0.1ml of thromboplastin is added after a 1 minute delay
0.1ml of CaCl 0.025m is added and the mixture is carefully mixed
Submerge lower end of tube and start stopwatch
Formation of fibrin clot marks the end of the process

31
Q

Normal range of prothrombin time is about _______________

A

10-14 seconds

32
Q

What is Erythrocyte sedimentation rate?

A

This is the rate at which red blood cells settle in a collected blood sample

33
Q

Why do RBCs settle at the bottom of a blood sample instead of Plasma?

A

This is because RBCs have a greater specific gravity

34
Q

2 factors affecting velocity of ESR

A

Sedimentation rate is directly proportional to size of RBCs
Sedimentation rate is inversely proportional to viscosity of plasma
Increase in rouleaux formation leads to increase in sedimentation rate

35
Q

ESR is used to ________________

A

Measure the progression of chronic diseases e.g.Rheumatism, tuberculosis

36
Q

Normal range of ESR in males is __________

A

0-5mm/hr

37
Q

Normal range of ESR in females is __________

A

0-7mm/hr

38
Q

Packed cell volume is the same in males as it is in females
True/False

A

False
PCV in males= 45%
PCV in females= 42%

The Mediverse 2.2 (13 decks)

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