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The Mediverse 2.2 > Gastrointestinal Physiology > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the length of the gastrointestinal tract?

A

10m long

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2
Q

The gastrointestinal tract extends from the _______________ to _________________

A

Mouth
Rectum

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3
Q

Mouth - Oral cavity - ___________________ - Esophagus - Stomach - __________________ - Large intestine

Fill in the gaps for the functional organisation of the gastrointestinal tract

A

Pharynx (Oropharynx)
Small intestine

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4
Q

The innermost layer of the GIT wall is _________________

A

Mucosa

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5
Q

What three layers make up the mucosa of the GIT?

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

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6
Q

The submucosa is the ________________ layer of the GIT wall (moving outwards)

A

Second

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7
Q

The bundle of nerve fibres found in the submucosa of the gastro-intestinal wall is called ____________________

A

Meissner’s plexus

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8
Q

The submucosal plexus is otherwise referred to as__________________

A

Meissner’s plexus

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9
Q

The muscular layer of the gastro-intestinal wall consists of two sub layers called _______________ and _______________

A

Longitudinal
Circular

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10
Q

The myenteric plexus is otherwise known as __________________

A

Auerbach’s plexus

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11
Q

The myenteric plexus is located where _________________

A

In-between the longitudinal and circular sublayers of the GIT wall’s muscular layer

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12
Q

The GIT receives innervation from the ________________ nervous system

A

Enteric

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13
Q

The ________________ nervous system is often referred to as the “Second brain”

A

Enteric

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14
Q

Smooth muscles are located throughout the body.
True/False

A

True

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15
Q

Smooth muscle cells are said to be ____________ in shape

A

Fusiform

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16
Q

Smooth muscles are surrounded and separated by a connective tissue layer called _________________

A

Endomysium

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17
Q

How many smooth muscle layers are there?

A

2
Longitudinal
Circular

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18
Q

Smooth muscles are non-striated because ________________

A

They have no sarcomeres or myofibrils

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19
Q

Goblet cells in the GIT secrete _______________

A

Mucus

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20
Q

G-cells in the GIT secrete _____________

A

Gastrin

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21
Q

Parietal cells in the GIT secrete _____________ and ______________

A

HCL and Intrinsic factor

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22
Q

Chief cells in the GIT secrete ___________

A

Pepsinogen

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23
Q

Oxyntic cells are another name for ______________

A

Parietal cells

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24
Q

Peptic cells are another name for ____________

A

Chief cells

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25
G-cells secrete _________ in response to _________________
Gastrin Stretch from food entering the stomach
26
Parietal cells produce secretion in response to __________________
Stimulation from Gastrin
27
______________ is converted to pepsin in the presence of _______________
Pepsinogen HCL
28
____________________, _______________ and ______________ are the phases of gastric acid secretion
Cephalic Gastric Intestinal
29
Secretion of acid in response to sight, smell or thoughts of food occurs in what phase of gastric acid secretion?
Cephalic phase
30
Secretion of acid in response to entry of food into the stomach occurs in what phase of gastric acid secretion?
Gastric phase
31
Secretion of acid in response to food entering the duodenum occurs in what phase of gastric acid secretion?
Intestinal phase
32
Gastric secretion and motility are **maintained** in what phase of gastric acid secretion?
Gastric phase
33
Gastric secretion and motility are **inhibited** in what phase of gastric acid secretion?
Intestinal phase
34
______________ is a hormone secreted in the small intestine to inhibit gastrin release
Cholecystokinin [CCK]
35
The process whereby food eaten doesn't get to the stomach is called _____________
Sham feeding
36
During HCL production, CO² and H2O combine to form Carbonic acid (H2CO³) in the presence of __________________
Carbonic anhydrase
37
During HCL production, Carbonic acid formed from CO² and H2O splits into _________ and _____________
H+ and Bicarbonate (HCO³)
38
Smooth muscle fibers in the GIT are ____________ micrometers in length
200-500
39
Smooth muscle fibers in the GIT are ____________ micrometers in diameter
2-10
40
Action potentials generated anywhere within the muscle mass of a smooth muscle travels in all directions. The smooth muscle fiber is said to function as a ___________________ in this case
Syncytium
41
Electrical waves in the GIT are either _____________ waves or _____________
Slow waves or Spikes
42
Slow, undulating changes in the resting membrane potential of the GIT muscle fibers are called __________________
Slow waves
43
Sinoatrial nodes serve as pacemakers of the heart, _________________ are the pacemakers of smooth muscles cells
Interstitial cells of Cajal
44
_________ is the normal resting membrane potential of the smooth muscle cells of the gut a) -40 to -50 millivolts b) -40 to -60 millivolts c) -50 to -60 millivolts d) -50 to -70 millivolts
C -50 to -60 millivolts
45
Generation of action potential in the gastrointestinal tract is the same as generation of action potential in nerve fibers. True/False
**False** Action potential in the GIT is generated through Calcium-Sodium channels
46
The PH of bile is ________
7.8
47
The total daily volume of juices in the GI tract is about ____________ml
6700
48
____________________, ___________________ and _________________ are the major glands of salivation
Parotid Sublingual Submandibular
49
The average value for daily secretion of saliva is ___________ml
1000
50
The serous secretion of saliva contains ______________ as the mucus secretion of saliva contains _____________
Ptyalin (a-amylase) Mucin
51
The submandibular (submaxillary) glands of salivation secrete what type of secretion?
Both serous and mucus secretions
52
A physiological phenomenon that occurs after a meal, characterised by a temporary increase in the pH (alkalinity) of the blood in response to the digestive processes that take place after eating, is called?
Post- Prandial alkaline tide
53
Mention the lengths of the different parts of the small intestine
Duodenum: 1ft Jejenum: 8ft Ilium: 12ft
54
The PH of saliva is ___________
6.0-7.0
55
The PH of small intestine secretions is _____________
7.5-8.0
56
The PH of HCL is ______________
0.8
57
The PH of pancreatic secretion is ______________
8.0-8.5
58
The daily volume of pancreatic secretion is _______________
1000ml
59
About ________ml of saliva is secreted every minute while you are awake
0.5
60
3 functions of saliva
Lubricate food for swallowing Wash away bacteria and food particles Contains ptyalin for digestion Aids in speech Contains proteins that erase oral bacteria
61
People salivate more when faced with favourite foods. True/False
True
62
___________ determines the type of food a person preferentially seeks
Appetite
63
Ingestion is determined by a. Rate of deglutition b. Hunger c. Mastication process d. Appetite
Hunger
64
Deglutition occurs in 3 stages; ___________, ______________, and _______________
Voluntary stage Pharyngeal stage Esophageal stage
65
Incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter leading to reflux of food into the esophagus is called ________________
Chalasia
66
The movement of the smooth muscles of the GIT in an attempt to propel food through is called _____________
Peristalsis
67
Peristalitic movement is of two types namely; _________________ and _____________
Primary Secondary
68
Primary peristalsis propels food from the pharynx to the stomach in how many seconds?
8-10 seconds
69
The stomach is divided anatomically into __________ and ___________
Body Antrum
70
The storage limit of the stomach is _____________
0.8-1.5L
71
The stomach has two types of tubular glands names ,______________ and _______________
Pyloric glands Oxyntic glands
72
Pyloric glands mainly secrete ,___________ and ______________
Mucus Gastrin
73
Oxyntic glands are also called __________
Gastric glands
74
Oxyntic glands are composed of _______________, _____________ and ______________ cells
Chief Parietal Mucous Neck cells
75
Failure of maturation of RBCs due to absence of Vitamin B12 is called ________________
Pernicious anemia
76
Intrinsic factor is necessary for the digestion of what Vitamin in the ileum?
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
77
Lack of stomach acid secretion is a condition called _____________
Achlorhydria
78
The molecular weight of pepsinogen is ____________
42,500
79
The molecular weight of pepsin is ____________
35000
80
The Optimum PH of pepsin is _____________
1.8-3.5
81
Gastrin is secreted in 2 forms ___________ and __________
G34 G17
82
The gall bladder can hold up to ___________ml of bile
30-60
83
The liver cells secrete about ______grams of bile salt per day
6

The Mediverse 2.2 (13 decks)

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