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The Mediverse 2.2 > Gastrointestinal Physiology > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the length of the gastrointestinal tract?

A

10m long

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2
Q

The gastrointestinal tract extends from the _______________ to _________________

A

Mouth
Rectum

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3
Q

Mouth - Oral cavity - ___________________ - Esophagus - Stomach - __________________ - Large intestine

Fill in the gaps for the functional organisation of the gastrointestinal tract

A

Pharynx (Oropharynx)
Small intestine

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4
Q

The innermost layer of the GIT wall is _________________

A

Mucosa

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5
Q

What three layers make up the mucosa of the GIT?

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

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6
Q

The submucosa is the ________________ layer of the GIT wall (moving outwards)

A

Second

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7
Q

The bundle of nerve fibres found in the submucosa of the gastro-intestinal wall is called ____________________

A

Meissner’s plexus

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8
Q

The submucosal plexus is otherwise referred to as__________________

A

Meissner’s plexus

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9
Q

The muscular layer of the gastro-intestinal wall consists of two sub layers called _______________ and _______________

A

Longitudinal
Circular

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10
Q

The myenteric plexus is otherwise known as __________________

A

Auerbach’s plexus

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11
Q

The myenteric plexus is located where _________________

A

In-between the longitudinal and circular sublayers of the GIT wall’s muscular layer

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12
Q

The GIT receives innervation from the ________________ nervous system

A

Enteric

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13
Q

The ________________ nervous system is often referred to as the “Second brain”

A

Enteric

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14
Q

Smooth muscles are located throughout the body.
True/False

A

True

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15
Q

Smooth muscle cells are said to be ____________ in shape

A

Fusiform

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16
Q

Smooth muscles are surrounded and separated by a connective tissue layer called _________________

A

Endomysium

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17
Q

How many smooth muscle layers are there?

A

2
Longitudinal
Circular

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18
Q

Smooth muscles are non-striated because ________________

A

They have no sarcomeres or myofibrils

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19
Q

Goblet cells in the GIT secrete _______________

A

Mucus

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20
Q

G-cells in the GIT secrete _____________

A

Gastrin

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21
Q

Parietal cells in the GIT secrete _____________ and ______________

A

HCL and Intrinsic factor

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22
Q

Chief cells in the GIT secrete ___________

A

Pepsinogen

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23
Q

Oxyntic cells are another name for ______________

A

Parietal cells

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24
Q

Peptic cells are another name for ____________

A

Chief cells

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25
Q

G-cells secrete _________ in response to _________________

A

Gastrin
Stretch from food entering the stomach

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26
Q

Parietal cells produce secretion in response to __________________

A

Stimulation from Gastrin

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27
Q

______________ is converted to pepsin in the presence of _______________

A

Pepsinogen
HCL

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28
Q

____________________, _______________ and ______________ are the phases of gastric acid secretion

A

Cephalic
Gastric
Intestinal

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29
Q

Secretion of acid in response to sight, smell or thoughts of food occurs in what phase of gastric acid secretion?

A

Cephalic phase

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30
Q

Secretion of acid in response to entry of food into the stomach occurs in what phase of gastric acid secretion?

A

Gastric phase

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31
Q

Secretion of acid in response to food entering the duodenum occurs in what phase of gastric acid secretion?

A

Intestinal phase

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32
Q

Gastric secretion and motility are maintained in what phase of gastric acid secretion?

A

Gastric phase

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33
Q

Gastric secretion and motility are inhibited in what phase of gastric acid secretion?

A

Intestinal phase

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34
Q

______________ is a hormone secreted in the small intestine to inhibit gastrin release

A

Cholecystokinin [CCK]

35
Q

The process whereby food eaten doesn’t get to the stomach is called _____________

A

Sham feeding

36
Q

During HCL production, CO² and H2O combine to form Carbonic acid (H2CO³) in the presence of __________________

A

Carbonic anhydrase

37
Q

During HCL production, Carbonic acid formed from CO² and H2O splits into _________ and _____________

A

H+ and Bicarbonate (HCO³)

38
Q

Smooth muscle fibers in the GIT are ____________ micrometers in length

A

200-500

39
Q

Smooth muscle fibers in the GIT are ____________ micrometers in diameter

A

2-10

40
Q

Action potentials generated anywhere within the muscle mass of a smooth muscle travels in all directions.
The smooth muscle fiber is said to function as a ___________________ in this case

A

Syncytium

41
Q

Electrical waves in the GIT are either _____________ waves or _____________

A

Slow waves or Spikes

42
Q

Slow, undulating changes in the resting membrane potential of the GIT muscle fibers are called __________________

A

Slow waves

43
Q

Sinoatrial nodes serve as pacemakers of the heart, _________________ are the pacemakers of smooth muscles cells

A

Interstitial cells of Cajal

44
Q

_________ is the normal resting membrane potential of the smooth muscle cells of the gut
a) -40 to -50 millivolts
b) -40 to -60 millivolts
c) -50 to -60 millivolts
d) -50 to -70 millivolts

A

C
-50 to -60 millivolts

45
Q

Generation of action potential in the gastrointestinal tract is the same as generation of action potential in nerve fibers.
True/False

A

False
Action potential in the GIT is generated through Calcium-Sodium channels

46
Q

The PH of bile is ________

A

7.8

47
Q

The total daily volume of juices in the GI tract is about ____________ml

A

6700

48
Q

____________________, ___________________ and _________________ are the major glands of salivation

A

Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular

49
Q

The average value for daily secretion of saliva is ___________ml

A

1000

50
Q

The serous secretion of saliva contains ______________ as the mucus secretion of saliva contains _____________

A

Ptyalin (a-amylase)
Mucin

51
Q

The submandibular (submaxillary) glands of salivation secrete what type of secretion?

A

Both serous and mucus secretions

52
Q

A physiological phenomenon that occurs after a meal, characterised by a temporary increase in the pH (alkalinity) of the blood in response to the digestive processes that take place after eating, is called?

A

Post- Prandial alkaline tide

53
Q

Mention the lengths of the different parts of the small intestine

A

Duodenum: 1ft
Jejenum: 8ft
Ilium: 12ft

54
Q

The PH of saliva is ___________

A

6.0-7.0

55
Q

The PH of small intestine secretions is _____________

A

7.5-8.0

56
Q

The PH of HCL is ______________

A

0.8

57
Q

The PH of pancreatic secretion is ______________

A

8.0-8.5

58
Q

The daily volume of pancreatic secretion is _______________

A

1000ml

59
Q

About ________ml of saliva is secreted every minute while you are awake

A

0.5

60
Q

3 functions of saliva

A

Lubricate food for swallowing
Wash away bacteria and food particles
Contains ptyalin for digestion
Aids in speech
Contains proteins that erase oral bacteria

61
Q

People salivate more when faced with favourite foods.
True/False

A

True

62
Q

___________ determines the type of food a person preferentially seeks

A

Appetite

63
Q

Ingestion is determined by
a. Rate of deglutition
b. Hunger
c. Mastication process
d. Appetite

A

Hunger

64
Q

Deglutition occurs in 3 stages; ___________, ______________, and _______________

A

Voluntary stage
Pharyngeal stage
Esophageal stage

65
Q

Incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter leading to reflux of food into the esophagus is called ________________

A

Chalasia

66
Q

The movement of the smooth muscles of the GIT in an attempt to propel food through is called _____________

A

Peristalsis

67
Q

Peristalitic movement is of two types namely; _________________ and _____________

A

Primary
Secondary

68
Q

Primary peristalsis propels food from the pharynx to the stomach in how many seconds?

A

8-10 seconds

69
Q

The stomach is divided anatomically into __________ and ___________

A

Body
Antrum

70
Q

The storage limit of the stomach is _____________

A

0.8-1.5L

71
Q

The stomach has two types of tubular glands names ,______________ and _______________

A

Pyloric glands
Oxyntic glands

72
Q

Pyloric glands mainly secrete ,___________ and ______________

A

Mucus
Gastrin

73
Q

Oxyntic glands are also called __________

A

Gastric glands

74
Q

Oxyntic glands are composed of _______________, _____________ and ______________ cells

A

Chief
Parietal
Mucous Neck cells

75
Q

Failure of maturation of RBCs due to absence of Vitamin B12 is called ________________

A

Pernicious anemia

76
Q

Intrinsic factor is necessary for the digestion of what Vitamin in the ileum?

A

Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)

77
Q

Lack of stomach acid secretion is a condition called _____________

A

Achlorhydria

78
Q

The molecular weight of pepsinogen is ____________

A

42,500

79
Q

The molecular weight of pepsin is ____________

A

35000

80
Q

The Optimum PH of pepsin is _____________

A

1.8-3.5

81
Q

Gastrin is secreted in 2 forms
___________ and __________

A

G34
G17

82
Q

The gall bladder can hold up to ___________ml of bile

A

30-60

83
Q

The liver cells secrete about ______grams of bile salt per day

A

6

The Mediverse 2.2 (13 decks)

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