Histology Flashcards
The kidney has a ______________ and ____________ border/surface
Concave
Convex
The concave surface of the kidney where arteries, veins and the ureter enter or exit is called ________________
The hilum
The medulla of the kidney is composed of how many renal pyramids?
10-18
The functional unit of the kidney is the ______________
Uriniferous tubules
Fibroblasts are cells that contribute to the formation of ______________
Connective tissue
What is a capsule?
This is a dense irregular collagenous tissue
The kidney is divided into the _____________, ____________ and ______________
Cortex
Medulla
Pelvis
The cortical part of the kidney is subdivided into _______________ and ________________
Cortical Labyrinths
Medullary rays
What are mesangial cells?
They are smooth muscle-like cells that contain actin and myosin
Renal corpuscle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Macula Densa cells
The above are components of the ___________
Cortical labyrinths
Collecting ducts
Par recta of the proximal convoluted tubule
Blood vessels
The above are components of ______________
Medullary rays
The _____________ is subdivided into the minor Calyx and major Calyx
Renal pelvis
The calyx of the kidney are lined by _____________ epithelium
Transitional
_________________ has a stellate shaped lumen that is lined by transitional epithelium
Ureter
_________________ is a system of glands or glandular organs that regulates the body’s homeostasis
Endocrine system
_________________ gland is responsible for secreting the growth hormone
Pituitary
The pituitary gland consists of an anterior part called ________________ and a posterior part called ____________________
Adenohypophysis
Neurohypophysis
The posterior part of the pituitary gland consists of ____________ and _____________
Pars nervosa
Infundibulum
The anterior part of the pituitary gland consists of ______________, _______________ and ___________________
Pars tuberalis
Pars intermedia
Pars distalis
What part of the pituitary gland is made of parenchymal cells arranged in thick cords and has large capillaries
Adeno (Anterior part)
The adenohypophysis is composed of two types of cells.
_______________ and ______________
Chromophils
Chromophobes
__________________ cells of the adenohypophysis readily take up stains
Chromophil
Tip* -phil is a suffix meaning “to like” and Chromo- means ”color” or in this case “stains”.
They “like” stains
Chromophils are of two types
_____________ and ___________
Acidophils
Basophils
What type of chromophil stains red with H&E dye?
Acidophils
The “H&E” in H&E stains mean _____________&_____________
Hematoxylin
Eosin
Acidophils are classified into ____________ and _________________ based on what they secrete
Somatotrophs
Mammotrophs
Somatotrophs secrete _____________
Somatotropin (Growth hormone)
Mammotrophs secrete _______________
Prolactin
Somatotrophs constitute _______% of chromophils
50
Mammotrophs constitute __________% of chromophils
25
Basophils are classified into ________________, ______________ and _______________
Corticotrophs
Gonadotrophs
Thyrotrophs
Corticotrophs secrete ____________
Adenocorticotropin
What do gonadotrophs secrete?
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
_____________ hormone stimulates the secretion of estrogen by the ovary in women and stimulates spermatogenesis in males
Follicle stimulating hormone
___________ hormone stimulates the secretion of progesterone and maturation of the corpus luteum in women
Luteinizing hormone
Thyrotrophs secrete ___________________
Thyrotropin
Thyroid stimulating hormone (THS)
Why do chromophobes have little affinity for stains?
This is because they have lost their granules.
Tip* Granules are responsible for holding stains.
What part of the pituitary gland secretes Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)?
Pars intermedia
________________ part of the pituitary gland consists of unmyelinated axons of secretory neurons
Pars Nervosa
Terminal ends of Pars nervosa axons combine to form ________________
Herring bodies
Herring bodies secrete _______________ and _________________
Oxytocin and ADH
Glial cells of the pars nervosa are called _______________
Pituicytes
Pituicytes make up ______% of the entire volume of the pars nervosa
25
The pineal gland is also called ____________
Epiphysis cerebri
The pineal gland regulates _______________
Circadian rhythm
The capsule of the pineal gland is a connective tissue of _____________
Pia matter
Secretory cells of the pineal gland are called _______________
Pinealocytes
The main cellular elements of the pineal gland are _____________ and ____________
Pinealocytes
Neuroglial cells
Pinealocytes secrete _______________ during the day and ________________ during the night
Serotonin
Melatonin
_____________ is used to treat jetlag and seasonal affective disorder
Melatonin
Pineal gland neuroglial cells are also called ________________
Interstitial glial cells
Neuroglial cells constitute ____% of cells in the pineal gland
5
A characteristic feature of the pineal gland is the presence of calcified calcium or magnesium called __________
Brain sand/Corpora arenacea
The capsule of the thyroid gland is ______________
Thin collagenous connective tissue
The parenchyma of the thyroid gland is arranged to form _____________
Follicles
Follicles of the thyroid gland are lined by __________________ epithelium
Simple cuboidal
The epithelial lining of thyroid gland follicles are also called ______________
Follicular cells
Cells located on the periphery of thyroid follicular cells which manufacture Calcitonin are called ________________
Parafollicular cells
Thyroid gland follicles have a cavity filled with homogenous material called ______________
Colloids
Follicular cells of the thyroid vary in shape based on activities.
True/False
True
Follicular cells are _____________ in shape during activity and ______________ in shape at rest
Cuboidal
Squamous
When follicular cells are hyperactive, they take on what shape?
Columnar shape
Follicular cells secrete _____________
Thyroglobulin/Thyroid hormone
_______________ is a gland located in fascial sheaths on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
The capsule of parathyroid gland is _____________
Very thin collagenous connective tissue
The parenchyma of the parathyroid gland is composed of two types of cells _________________ and _________________
Chief cells
Oxyphil cells
Small
Round
Basophilic
Numerous
Large nuclei
Secretes parathyroid hormone
The above describes what cell ______________
Chief cells
Tip* Chief cells are in the parathyroid gland parenchyma. They are the most important cells there. Hence the name “Chief”
Suprarenal gland is another name for the ____________ gland
Adrenal gland
Polyhedral body
Large nuclei
Give off long processes
The above describes the structure of what cell?
Secretory cell of the pineal gland (Pinealocytes)
The suprarenal gland is located on the superior pole of the ______________
Kidney
Olfactory receptors are located where?
In the roof of the nasal cavity
What is olfaction?
Sense of smell
Interpretation of smell occurs in what part of the brain?
The cortex
Olfactory impulses are transmitted via the ________________ nerve
Olfactory
_____________ are clusters of taste receptor cells
Taste buds
Gustatory cells are another name for _________________
Taste buds
Taste buds are involved in the determination of Five elements of taste perceptions which are ___________
Saltiness
Sourness
Sweetness
Bitterness
Savouriness (umami)
On average, the human tongue has over how many taste buds?
2000-8000
______________ is the average lifespan of tastebuds
10 days
