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The Mediverse 2.2 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

The kidney has a ______________ and ____________ border/surface

A

Concave
Convex

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2
Q

The concave surface of the kidney where arteries, veins and the ureter enter or exit is called ________________

A

The hilum

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3
Q

The medulla of the kidney is composed of how many renal pyramids?

A

10-18

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4
Q

The functional unit of the kidney is the ______________

A

Uriniferous tubules

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5
Q

Fibroblasts are cells that contribute to the formation of ______________

A

Connective tissue

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6
Q

What is a capsule?

A

This is a dense irregular collagenous tissue

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7
Q

The kidney is divided into the _____________, ____________ and ______________

A

Cortex
Medulla
Pelvis

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8
Q

The cortical part of the kidney is subdivided into _______________ and ________________

A

Cortical Labyrinths
Medullary rays

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9
Q

What are mesangial cells?

A

They are smooth muscle-like cells that contain actin and myosin

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10
Q

Renal corpuscle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Macula Densa cells

The above are components of the ___________

A

Cortical labyrinths

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11
Q

Collecting ducts
Par recta of the proximal convoluted tubule
Blood vessels

The above are components of ______________

A

Medullary rays

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12
Q

The _____________ is subdivided into the minor Calyx and major Calyx

A

Renal pelvis

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13
Q

The calyx of the kidney are lined by _____________ epithelium

A

Transitional

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14
Q

_________________ has a stellate shaped lumen that is lined by transitional epithelium

A

Ureter

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15
Q

_________________ is a system of glands or glandular organs that regulates the body’s homeostasis

A

Endocrine system

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16
Q

_________________ gland is responsible for secreting the growth hormone

A

Pituitary

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17
Q

The pituitary gland consists of an anterior part called ________________ and a posterior part called ____________________

A

Adenohypophysis
Neurohypophysis

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18
Q

The posterior part of the pituitary gland consists of ____________ and _____________

A

Pars nervosa
Infundibulum

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19
Q

The anterior part of the pituitary gland consists of ______________, _______________ and ___________________

A

Pars tuberalis
Pars intermedia
Pars distalis

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20
Q

What part of the pituitary gland is made of parenchymal cells arranged in thick cords and has large capillaries

A

Adeno (Anterior part)

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21
Q

The adenohypophysis is composed of two types of cells.
_______________ and ______________

A

Chromophils
Chromophobes

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22
Q

__________________ cells of the adenohypophysis readily take up stains

A

Chromophil
Tip* -phil is a suffix meaning “to like” and Chromo- means ”color” or in this case “stains”.
They “like” stains

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23
Q

Chromophils are of two types
_____________ and ___________

A

Acidophils
Basophils

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24
Q

What type of chromophil stains red with H&E dye?

A

Acidophils

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25
The "H&E" in H&E stains mean _____________&_____________
Hematoxylin Eosin
26
Acidophils are classified into ____________ and _________________ based on what they secrete
Somatotrophs Mammotrophs
27
Somatotrophs secrete _____________
Somatotropin (Growth hormone)
28
Mammotrophs secrete _______________
Prolactin
29
Somatotrophs constitute _______% of chromophils
50
30
Mammotrophs constitute __________% of chromophils
25
31
Basophils are classified into ________________, ______________ and _______________
Corticotrophs Gonadotrophs Thyrotrophs
32
Corticotrophs secrete ____________
Adenocorticotropin
33
What do gonadotrophs secrete?
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
34
_____________ hormone stimulates the secretion of estrogen by the ovary in women and stimulates spermatogenesis in males
Follicle stimulating hormone
35
___________ hormone stimulates the secretion of progesterone and maturation of the corpus luteum in women
Luteinizing hormone
36
Thyrotrophs secrete ___________________
Thyrotropin Thyroid stimulating hormone (THS)
37
Why do chromophobes have little affinity for stains?
This is because they have lost their granules. Tip* Granules are responsible for holding stains.
38
What part of the pituitary gland secretes Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)?
Pars intermedia
39
________________ part of the pituitary gland consists of unmyelinated axons of secretory neurons
Pars Nervosa
40
Terminal ends of Pars nervosa axons combine to form ________________
Herring bodies
41
Herring bodies secrete _______________ and _________________
Oxytocin and ADH
42
Glial cells of the pars nervosa are called _______________
Pituicytes
43
Pituicytes make up ______% of the entire volume of the pars nervosa
25
44
The pineal gland is also called ____________
Epiphysis cerebri
45
The pineal gland regulates _______________
Circadian rhythm
46
The capsule of the pineal gland is a connective tissue of _____________
Pia matter
47
Secretory cells of the pineal gland are called _______________
Pinealocytes
48
The main cellular elements of the pineal gland are _____________ and ____________
Pinealocytes Neuroglial cells
49
Pinealocytes secrete _______________ during the day and ________________ during the night
Serotonin Melatonin
50
_____________ is used to treat jetlag and seasonal affective disorder
Melatonin
51
Pineal gland neuroglial cells are also called ________________
Interstitial glial cells
52
Neuroglial cells constitute ____% of cells in the pineal gland
5
53
A characteristic feature of the pineal gland is the presence of calcified calcium or magnesium called __________
Brain sand/Corpora arenacea
54
The capsule of the thyroid gland is ______________
Thin collagenous connective tissue
55
The parenchyma of the thyroid gland is arranged to form _____________
Follicles
56
Follicles of the thyroid gland are lined by __________________ epithelium
Simple cuboidal
57
The epithelial lining of thyroid gland follicles are also called ______________
Follicular cells
58
Cells located on the periphery of thyroid follicular cells which manufacture Calcitonin are called ________________
Parafollicular cells
59
Thyroid gland follicles have a cavity filled with homogenous material called ______________
Colloids
60
Follicular cells of the thyroid vary in shape based on activities. True/False
True
61
Follicular cells are _____________ in shape during activity and ______________ in shape at rest
Cuboidal Squamous
62
When follicular cells are hyperactive, they take on what shape?
Columnar shape
63
Follicular cells secrete _____________
Thyroglobulin/Thyroid hormone
64
_______________ is a gland located in fascial sheaths on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
65
The capsule of parathyroid gland is _____________
Very thin collagenous connective tissue
66
The parenchyma of the parathyroid gland is composed of two types of cells _________________ and _________________
Chief cells Oxyphil cells
67
Small Round Basophilic Numerous Large nuclei Secretes parathyroid hormone The above describes what cell ______________
Chief cells Tip* Chief cells are in the parathyroid gland parenchyma. They are the most important cells there. Hence the name "Chief"
68
Suprarenal gland is another name for the ____________ gland
Adrenal gland
69
Polyhedral body Large nuclei Give off long processes The above describes the structure of what cell?
Secretory cell of the pineal gland (Pinealocytes)
70
The suprarenal gland is located on the superior pole of the ______________
Kidney
71
Olfactory receptors are located where?
In the roof of the nasal cavity
72
What is olfaction?
Sense of smell
73
Interpretation of smell occurs in what part of the brain?
The cortex
74
Olfactory impulses are transmitted via the ________________ nerve
Olfactory
75
_____________ are clusters of taste receptor cells
Taste buds
76
Gustatory cells are another name for _________________
Taste buds
77
Taste buds are involved in the determination of **Five** elements of taste perceptions which are ___________
Saltiness Sourness Sweetness Bitterness Savouriness (umami)
78
On average, the human tongue has over how many taste buds?
2000-8000
79
______________ is the average lifespan of tastebuds
10 days

The Mediverse 2.2 (13 decks)

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