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The Mediverse 2.2 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

The kidney has a ______________ and ____________ border/surface

A

Concave
Convex

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2
Q

The concave surface of the kidney where arteries, veins and the ureter enter or exit is called ________________

A

The hilum

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3
Q

The medulla of the kidney is composed of how many renal pyramids?

A

10-18

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4
Q

The functional unit of the kidney is the ______________

A

Uriniferous tubules

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5
Q

Fibroblasts are cells that contribute to the formation of ______________

A

Connective tissue

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6
Q

What is a capsule?

A

This is a dense irregular collagenous tissue

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7
Q

The kidney is divided into the _____________, ____________ and ______________

A

Cortex
Medulla
Pelvis

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8
Q

The cortical part of the kidney is subdivided into _______________ and ________________

A

Cortical Labyrinths
Medullary rays

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9
Q

What are mesangial cells?

A

They are smooth muscle-like cells that contain actin and myosin

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10
Q

Renal corpuscle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Macula Densa cells

The above are components of the ___________

A

Cortical labyrinths

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11
Q

Collecting ducts
Par recta of the proximal convoluted tubule
Blood vessels

The above are components of ______________

A

Medullary rays

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12
Q

The _____________ is subdivided into the minor Calyx and major Calyx

A

Renal pelvis

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13
Q

The calyx of the kidney are lined by _____________ epithelium

A

Transitional

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14
Q

_________________ has a stellate shaped lumen that is lined by transitional epithelium

A

Ureter

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15
Q

_________________ is a system of glands or glandular organs that regulates the body’s homeostasis

A

Endocrine system

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16
Q

_________________ gland is responsible for secreting the growth hormone

A

Pituitary

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17
Q

The pituitary gland consists of an anterior part called ________________ and a posterior part called ____________________

A

Adenohypophysis
Neurohypophysis

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18
Q

The posterior part of the pituitary gland consists of ____________ and _____________

A

Pars nervosa
Infundibulum

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19
Q

The anterior part of the pituitary gland consists of ______________, _______________ and ___________________

A

Pars tuberalis
Pars intermedia
Pars distalis

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20
Q

What part of the pituitary gland is made of parenchymal cells arranged in thick cords and has large capillaries

A

Adeno (Anterior part)

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21
Q

The adenohypophysis is composed of two types of cells.
_______________ and ______________

A

Chromophils
Chromophobes

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22
Q

__________________ cells of the adenohypophysis readily take up stains

A

Chromophil
Tip* -phil is a suffix meaning “to like” and Chromo- means ”color” or in this case “stains”.
They “like” stains

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23
Q

Chromophils are of two types
_____________ and ___________

A

Acidophils
Basophils

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24
Q

What type of chromophil stains red with H&E dye?

A

Acidophils

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25
Q

The “H&E” in H&E stains mean _____________&_____________

A

Hematoxylin
Eosin

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26
Q

Acidophils are classified into ____________ and _________________ based on what they secrete

A

Somatotrophs
Mammotrophs

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27
Q

Somatotrophs secrete _____________

A

Somatotropin (Growth hormone)

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28
Q

Mammotrophs secrete _______________

A

Prolactin

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29
Q

Somatotrophs constitute _______% of chromophils

A

50

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30
Q

Mammotrophs constitute __________% of chromophils

A

25

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31
Q

Basophils are classified into ________________, ______________ and _______________

A

Corticotrophs
Gonadotrophs
Thyrotrophs

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32
Q

Corticotrophs secrete ____________

A

Adenocorticotropin

33
Q

What do gonadotrophs secrete?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)

34
Q

_____________ hormone stimulates the secretion of estrogen by the ovary in women and stimulates spermatogenesis in males

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

35
Q

___________ hormone stimulates the secretion of progesterone and maturation of the corpus luteum in women

A

Luteinizing hormone

36
Q

Thyrotrophs secrete ___________________

A

Thyrotropin
Thyroid stimulating hormone (THS)

37
Q

Why do chromophobes have little affinity for stains?

A

This is because they have lost their granules.

Tip* Granules are responsible for holding stains.

38
Q

What part of the pituitary gland secretes Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)?

A

Pars intermedia

39
Q

________________ part of the pituitary gland consists of unmyelinated axons of secretory neurons

A

Pars Nervosa

40
Q

Terminal ends of Pars nervosa axons combine to form ________________

A

Herring bodies

41
Q

Herring bodies secrete _______________ and _________________

A

Oxytocin and ADH

42
Q

Glial cells of the pars nervosa are called _______________

A

Pituicytes

43
Q

Pituicytes make up ______% of the entire volume of the pars nervosa

A

25

44
Q

The pineal gland is also called ____________

A

Epiphysis cerebri

45
Q

The pineal gland regulates _______________

A

Circadian rhythm

46
Q

The capsule of the pineal gland is a connective tissue of _____________

A

Pia matter

47
Q

Secretory cells of the pineal gland are called _______________

A

Pinealocytes

48
Q

The main cellular elements of the pineal gland are _____________ and ____________

A

Pinealocytes
Neuroglial cells

49
Q

Pinealocytes secrete _______________ during the day and ________________ during the night

A

Serotonin
Melatonin

50
Q

_____________ is used to treat jetlag and seasonal affective disorder

A

Melatonin

51
Q

Pineal gland neuroglial cells are also called ________________

A

Interstitial glial cells

52
Q

Neuroglial cells constitute ____% of cells in the pineal gland

A

5

53
Q

A characteristic feature of the pineal gland is the presence of calcified calcium or magnesium called __________

A

Brain sand/Corpora arenacea

54
Q

The capsule of the thyroid gland is ______________

A

Thin collagenous connective tissue

55
Q

The parenchyma of the thyroid gland is arranged to form _____________

A

Follicles

56
Q

Follicles of the thyroid gland are lined by __________________ epithelium

A

Simple cuboidal

57
Q

The epithelial lining of thyroid gland follicles are also called ______________

A

Follicular cells

58
Q

Cells located on the periphery of thyroid follicular cells which manufacture Calcitonin are called ________________

A

Parafollicular cells

59
Q

Thyroid gland follicles have a cavity filled with homogenous material called ______________

A

Colloids

60
Q

Follicular cells of the thyroid vary in shape based on activities.
True/False

A

True

61
Q

Follicular cells are _____________ in shape during activity and ______________ in shape at rest

A

Cuboidal
Squamous

62
Q

When follicular cells are hyperactive, they take on what shape?

A

Columnar shape

63
Q

Follicular cells secrete _____________

A

Thyroglobulin/Thyroid hormone

64
Q

_______________ is a gland located in fascial sheaths on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland

A

Parathyroid gland

65
Q

The capsule of parathyroid gland is _____________

A

Very thin collagenous connective tissue

66
Q

The parenchyma of the parathyroid gland is composed of two types of cells _________________ and _________________

A

Chief cells
Oxyphil cells

67
Q

Small
Round
Basophilic
Numerous
Large nuclei
Secretes parathyroid hormone

The above describes what cell ______________

A

Chief cells

Tip* Chief cells are in the parathyroid gland parenchyma. They are the most important cells there. Hence the name “Chief”

68
Q

Suprarenal gland is another name for the ____________ gland

A

Adrenal gland

69
Q

Polyhedral body
Large nuclei
Give off long processes

The above describes the structure of what cell?

A

Secretory cell of the pineal gland (Pinealocytes)

70
Q

The suprarenal gland is located on the superior pole of the ______________

A

Kidney

71
Q

Olfactory receptors are located where?

A

In the roof of the nasal cavity

72
Q

What is olfaction?

A

Sense of smell

73
Q

Interpretation of smell occurs in what part of the brain?

A

The cortex

74
Q

Olfactory impulses are transmitted via the ________________ nerve

A

Olfactory

75
Q

_____________ are clusters of taste receptor cells

A

Taste buds

76
Q

Gustatory cells are another name for _________________

A

Taste buds

77
Q

Taste buds are involved in the determination of Five elements of taste perceptions which are ___________

A

Saltiness
Sourness
Sweetness
Bitterness
Savouriness (umami)

78
Q

On average, the human tongue has over how many taste buds?

A

2000-8000

79
Q

______________ is the average lifespan of tastebuds

A

10 days

The Mediverse 2.2 (13 decks)

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